English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
26
District
Sunderland
Easting
434410
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35SW
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
550410
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Houghton-le-Spring
Description
Shown on Ordnance Survey first edition map.
Site Type: Broad
Agricultural Building
SITEDESC
Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map.
Site Name
Hill Farm
Site Type: Specific
Farmhouse
HER Number
6053
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
1st edition Ordnance Survey map
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2004
English, British
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
15965, 15966, 15967
DAY1
26
DAY2
19
District
Sunderland
Easting
434500
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35SW
MONTH1
10
MONTH2
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
550430
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Houghton-le-Spring
Description
Shown on Ordnance Survey first edition map. The cemetery (detached burial ground of the Church of St Michael and All Angels, opened when the churchyard became full during the cholera outbreak of 1853) was consecrated on September 4th 1854. Local residents complained about the cemetery being located in a former quarry (HER 3170). The original entrance was through the adjacent farm, but a new entrance from Sunderland Street was added in 1873. The former Sexton's Lodge is derelict, but the stone lych gate survives, although in need of sympathetic restoration. The cemetery was extended to the east in 1894. The last recorded burial was in 1924, but infrequent burials took place in the 1940s and the last burial may been in 1965. Over 6800 burials took place between 1854 and 1924. The cemetery itself is on two levels, a higher level which is a large enigmatic green open space within the quarry walls, with vaults cut into the cliff face and still retaining some gravestones, and a lower level with many surviving monuments and headstones, which is very atmospheric but overgrown and more difficult to access. There are many notable monuments in Hillside Cemetery - the vault of William Standish (d.1856), the Elliot family vault (Sir George Elliot MP d. 1893), the vault of General William Beckwith (d. 1871) and his wife Priscilla Maria Beckwith (d.1877), Thomas William Usherwood Robinson (d. 1888) a memorial to the Wheatley family and others who fought in the Crimean War. The cemetery is very unusual in having vaults cut into the quarry rock face. Worthy of consideration for adding to the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. The Friends of Houghton Hillside Cemetery formed in December 2003 to further the historical, cultural and recreational aspects of the burial ground. The group meets regularly and are actively involved in promoting appreciation of the burial ground. They are carrying out research into those who are buried within the cemetery, and can therefore assist people with family tree/genealogical research. In August 2004 the Friends group organised an open day where they dressed in period costume, to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the cemetery. The Friends have restored the lychgate, reinstated the dwarf wall and railings. A Victorian time capsule was found in the foundations of the lychgate. In 2010 they unveiled the restored the celtic cross monument, which is dedicated to those who lost their lives at Houghton Colliery and those in unmarked graves. For more information see www.theoldcem.co.uk
SITEASS
The Friends of Houghton Hillside Cemetery formed in December 2003 to further the historical, cultural and recreational aspects of the burial ground. The group meets regularly and are actively involved in promoting appreciation of the burial ground. They are carrying out research into those who are buried within the cemetery, and can therefore assist people with family tree/genealogical research. In August 2004 the Friends group organised an open day where they dressed in period costume, to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the cemetery. The Friends have restored the lychgate, reinstated the dwarf wall and railings. A Victorian time capsule was found in the foundations of the lychgate. In 2010 they unveiled the restored celtic cross monument, which is dedicated to those who lost their lives at Houghton Colliery and those in unmarked graves. For more information see www.theoldcem.co.uk
Site Type: Broad
Cemetery
SITEDESC
Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map. The cemetery (detached burial ground of the Church of St Michael and All Angels, opened when the churchyard became full during the cholera outbreak of 1853) was consecrated on September 4th 1854. Local residents complained about the cemetery being located in a former quarry (HER 3170). The original entrance was through the adjacent farm, but a new entrance from Sunderland Street was added in 1873. The former Sexton's Lodge is derelict, but the stone lych gate survives, although in need of sympathetic restoration. The cemetery was extended to the east in 1894. The last recorded burial was in 1924, but infrequent burials took place in the 1940s and the last burial may been in 1965. Over 6800 burials took place between 1854 and 1924. The cemetery itself is on two levels, a higher level which is a large enigmatic green open space within the quarry walls, with 10 vaults cut into the cliff face and still retaining some gravestones, and a lower level with many surviving monuments and headstones, which is very atmospheric but overgrown and more difficult to access. There are many notable monuments in Hillside Cemetery - the vault of William Standish (d.1856), the Elliot family vault (Sir George Elliot MP d. 1893), the vault of General William Beckwith (d. 1871) and his wife Priscilla Maria Beckwith (d.1877), Thomas William Usherwood Robinson (d. 1888) a memorial to the Wheatley family and others who fought in the Crimean War. There are four World War One casualties buried in the cemetery. Three of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission memorial stones were removed in 1962 and new ones erected in the cemetery on Durham Road. The cemetery is very unusual in having vaults cut into the quarry rock face. Worthy of consideration for adding to the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.
Site Name
Hillside Cemetery
Site Type: Specific
Cemetery
HER Number
6052
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
1st edition Ordnance Survey map 1850; Friends of Hillside Cemetery website http://www.theoldcem.co.uk; P. Lanagan, 2004, Houghton Hillside Cemetery - Guide Map and Notes; Paul Lanagan, 2003-2013, The Burial Ground, www.houghtonlespring.org.uk/hillsidecemetery; Paul Lanagan, 2010, Memorial Replacement, www.houghtonlespring.org.uk; Paul Lanagan, 23 April 2009, Joseph Bland Pearson, article in Sunderland Echo; Paul Lanagan, 2012, Remembered with Honour, www.houghtonlespring.org.uk and 2008 in Sign Post magazine
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2004
YEAR2
2013
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
26
District
Sunderland
Easting
434770
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35SW
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
551100
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Newbottle
Description
Shown on Ordnance Survey first edition map. The farmstead incorporates a series of diverse ranges of barns (one with slit windows), a granary and a dovecote with pretty arched openings. The farmhouse dates to the early twentieth century. The farm was in the Nesham Estate in the early nineteenth century, but was sold to the Lambton Estate in the 1830s. After the Second World War it was sold to the Greenshields. In 1839 as described in the Tithe Apportionment for Newbottle, the farm was predominantly arable and was just over 100 acres in extent. At this time only the western element of the present farm existed. By the middle of the nineteenth century the layout of the farm had extended considerably and included a new eatern range (hemmel or cattle shelter with arched entrances, and a brick built byre or shippen to the east) and a farmhouse. By the second edition Ordnance Survey the farmhouse had been replaced by (the surviving) cottages and the farm ranges had been extended again. Apart from the new farmhouse, little has been added to the property since the 1890s. The farm buildings are shells however, with few original fixtures and fittings except some of the roof trusses.
SITEASS
Over the Hill Farm is of historic interest as a property which developed during the period of Victorian High Farming. It exhibits the classic E shaped plan characteristic of this period, with livestock yards, barns and cattle shelters. Many elements were clearly planned but incorporated and worked around earlier elements. The early farmhouse was demolished in the late nineteenth century and replaced with labourers cottages. All evidence for the internal componens of a threshing barn and its adjacent engine has been removed. Modern developments have removed almost all early internal fixtures and fittings.
Site Type: Broad
Farm
SITEDESC
Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map. The farmstead incorporates a series of diverse ranges of barns (one with slit windows), a granary and a dovecote with pretty arched openings. The farmhouse dates to the early twentieth century. The farm was in the Nesham Estate in the early nineteenth century, but was sold to the Lambton Estate in the 1830s. After the Second World War it was sold to the Greenshields. In 1839 as described in the Tithe Apportionment for Newbottle, the farm was predominantly arable and was just over 100 acres in extent. At this time only the western element of the present farm existed. By the middle of the nineteenth century the layout of the farm had extended considerably and included a new eastern range (hemmel or cattle shelter with arched entrances, and a brick built byre or shippen to the east) and a farmhouse. By the second edition Ordnance Survey the farmhouse had been replaced by (the surviving) cottages and the farm ranges had been extended again. Apart from the new farmhouse, little has been added to the property since the 1890s. The farm buildings are shells however, with few original fixtures and fittings except some of the roof trusses.
Site Name
Over the Hill Farm
Site Type: Specific
Farmstead
HER Number
6051
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
1st edition Ordnance Survey map
SURVIVAL
40-59%
YEAR1
2004
English, British
Class
Education
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
6049
DAY1
26
District
Sunderland
Easting
438740
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
556950
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Bishopwearmouth
Description
Shown on Ordnance Survey second edition map.
SITEASS
Check if this building is still there.
Site Type: Broad
School
SITEDESC
Shown on 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map.
Site Name
Church of St. Mark, Sunday School
Site Type: Specific
Sunday School
HER Number
6050
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
2nd edition Ordnance Survey map
YEAR1
2004
English, British
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
26
District
Sunderland
Easting
438730
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
556980
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Bishopwearmouth
Description
Parish church, 1872 by Joseph Potts and Son; major benefactor was James Hartley, glassmaker. Snecked stone with ashlar dressings, Welsh slate roof, with fishscale bands on chancel, stone gable copings and bellcote. All doors boarded with elaborate hinges. North door under gable with fleur-de-lys finial. Interior - painted plaster, arch-braced collar and king post roof. Tiled chancel floor, painted Gothic stone pulpit with brass and wrought-iron rail. Stained glass includes high quality St George in north porch. LISTED GRADE 2
Site Type: Broad
Place of Worship
SITEDESC
Parish church, 1872 by Joseph Potts and Son; major benefactor was James Hartley, glassmaker. Snecked stone with ashlar dressings, Welsh slate roof, with fishscale bands on chancel, stone gable copings and bellcote. All doors boarded with elaborate hinges. North door under gable with fleur-de-lys finial. Interior - painted plaster, arch-braced collar and king post roof. Tiled chancel floor, painted Gothic stone pulpit with brass and wrought-iron rail. Stained glass includes high quality St George in north porch.
Site Name
Hylton Road, Church of St. Mark
Site Type: Specific
Parish Church
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II
HER Number
6049
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
Department of National Heritage, List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest 920-1/4/126
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2004
English, British
Class
Civil
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
26
District
Sunderland
Easting
438790
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557050
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Bishopwearmouth
Description
Shown on Ordnance Survey second edition map.
Site Type: Broad
Legal Site
SITEDESC
Shown on 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map.
Site Name
Bishopwearmouth, Police Station
Site Type: Specific
Police Station
HER Number
6048
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
2nd edition Ordnance Survey map
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2004
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
26
District
Sunderland
Easting
438930
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557030
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Bishopwearmouth
Description
Shown on Ordnance Survey second edition map, presumably to serve the adjacent stables (HER 6047). Built on site of Bishopwearmouth Iron Works (HER 2825).
SITEASS
The smithy or forge was the workplace of a blacksmith or ironsmith, where iron was worked into useful objects such as weapons, armour in the Middle Ages and locks, hinges, spades and tools, iron horseshoes (machine-made horseshoes were introduced from USA in 1870s), grilles, gates, railings, metal parts for locomotives, coaches, waggons and carts. The blacksmith's raw material was wrought iron in bar form. The smithy comprised a hearth, bellows, anvil and bosh (quenching trough). A small forge had hand-operated bellows, a large industrial forge water-powered bellows, power hammer and shears (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Metal Industry Site
SITEDESC
Shown on 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, presumably to serve the adjacent stables (HER 6047). Built on site of Bishopwearmouth Iron Works (HER 2825).
Site Name
Bishopwearmouth, smithy
Site Type: Specific
Blacksmiths Workshop
HER Number
6047
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
2nd edition Ordnance Survey map
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2004
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
26
District
Sunderland
Easting
438840
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
556920
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Bishopwearmouth
Description
Shown on Ordnance Survey second edition map. Built on site of Bishopwearmouth Iron Works (HER 2825).
Site Type: Broad
Stable
SITEDESC
Shown on 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map. Built on site of Bishopwearmouth Iron Works (HER 2825).
Site Name
Corporation Stables and Manure Depot
Site Type: Specific
Stable
HER Number
6046
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
2nd edition Ordnance Survey map
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2004
English, British
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Claire MacRae
DAY1
26
DAY2
08
District
Sunderland
Easting
439180
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
10
MONTH2
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
556830
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Bishopwearmouth
Description
Possibly Jireh Baptist Chapel. Shown on Ordnance Survey second edition map.
Site Type: Broad
Place of Worship
SITEDESC
Possibly Jireh Baptist Chapel. Shown on 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map.
Site Name
Bishopwearmouth, Chapel
Site Type: Specific
Baptist Chapel
HER Number
6045
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
2nd edition Ordnance Survey map; The Archaeological Practice Ltd. 2014, List of Non-Conformist Chapels, Sunderland
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2004
YEAR2
2014
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
26
District
Sunderland
Easting
439160
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557060
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Bishopwearmouth
Description
Shown on Ordnance Survey second edition map. Called Rectory Park Works on third edition.
Site Type: Broad
Metal Industry Site
SITEDESC
Shown on 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map. Called Rectory Park Works on third edition.
Site Name
Park Foundry
Site Type: Specific
Iron Works
HER Number
6044
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
2nd edition Ordnance Survey map
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2004