Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map not labelled after 1896. Wesleyan Chapel (?later Kings Hall Mission). 1951 amalgamated with Wesley Hall, Trimdon Street. Brick, simple hall side-on to street, segmental-arched door and two square-headed windows. Area completely redeveloped mid C20.
Site Type: Broad
Place of Worship
SITEDESC
Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map not labelled after 1896. Wesleyan Chapel (?later Kings Hall Mission). 1951 amalgamated with Wesley Hall, Trimdon Street. Brick, simple hall side-on to street, segmental-arched door and two square-headed windows. Area completely redeveloped mid C20.
Site Name
Ayres Quay, Wesleyan Chapel
Site Type: Specific
Methodist Chapel
HER Number
6039
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
1st edition Ordnance Survey map; The Archaeological Practice Ltd., 2014, List of Non-Conformist Chapels in Sunderland
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2004
YEAR2
2015
English, British
Class
Education
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
26
District
Sunderland
Easting
439140
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557030
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Bishopwearmouth
Description
Shown on Ordnance Survey first edition map.
Site Type: Broad
School
SITEDESC
Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map.
Site Name
Bishopwearmouth, Infant's School
Site Type: Specific
Infant School
HER Number
6038
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
1st edition Ordnance Survey map
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2004
English, British
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
26
District
Sunderland
Easting
439190
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
556890
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Bishopwearmouth
Description
Shown on Ordnance Survey first edition map and a plan of 1831. By Ordnance Survey second edition, the graveyard is shown as disused. Still shown as a graveyard on fourth edition of 1942.
Site Type: Broad
Cemetery
SITEDESC
Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map and a plan of 1831. By Ordnance Survey second edition, the graveyard is shown as disused. Still shown as a graveyard on fourth edition of 1942.
Site Name
Hind Street, Graveyard
Site Type: Specific
Cemetery
HER Number
6037
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
1st edition Ordnance Survey map
YEAR1
2004
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
26
District
Sunderland
Easting
438900
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
556870
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Bishopwearmouth
Description
Shown on Ordnance Survey first edition map, within quarry (HER 2827).
SITEASS
Lime kiln - stone or brick structure for calcining brooken limestone to make powdered quicklime for agricultural, construction and industrial uses. Limestone was broken up and fed into the top of the kiln onto a charcoal fire. After burning, the powdered lime was raked out through an opening at the front of the kiln. By the early C20 bulk production using machinery for crushing the stone and burning it in Hoffman kilns saw the demise of lime kilns (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology, AB Searle, 1935, Limestone and its products, R. Williams, 1990, Lime kilns and limeburning, Shire Publications).
Site Type: Broad
Chemical Industry Site
SITEDESC
Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, within quarry (HER 2827).
Site Name
Bishopwearmouth, lime kiln
Site Type: Specific
Lime Kiln
HER Number
6036
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
1st edition Ordnance Survey map
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2004
English, British
Class
Education
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
26
District
Sunderland
Easting
439150
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557110
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Bishopwearmouth
Description
"National School (Boys and Girls)" is shown on Ordnance Survey first edition. By the second edition it is called Rectory Park School. Still present on fourth edition of 1942.
Site Type: Broad
School
SITEDESC
"National School (Boys and Girls)" is shown on Ordnance Survey first edition. By the second edition it is called Rectory Park School. Still present on fourth edition of 1942.
Site Name
National School
Site Type: Specific
National School
HER Number
6035
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
1st edition Ordnance Survey map
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2004
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
1553
DAY1
25
District
Newcastle
Easting
425190
Grid ref figure
8
HISTORY_TOPIC
Civil War
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564410
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Stuart 1603 to 1714
Place
Newcastle
SAMNUMBER
32750
Description
By the seventeenth century, the medieval town wall defences had become neglected and the onset of the Civil War made their repair a matter of urgency. Work was carried out between 1638 and 1644, when Newcastle was beseiged by the Scottish Army, with bastions and forts constructed outside the town walls. There is evidence of re-cutting of the medieval ditch at several points on the defensive circuit. During excavations at Plummer Tower in 1989, evidence for a stone-built bastion or bulwark was found. Plummer Tower became an artillery position at the time of the Civil War, and the bastion was built as an outwork to strengthen the defensive capability of the tower. It may have been the result of Sir Jacob Astley's visit to Newcastle in 1639, to advise on improving the town's defences in the light of the threat from Scotland. One of Astley's plans shows an artillery piece described as "a small cannon" beside Plummer Tower. The excavation demonstrated that the bastion had been cut into the boulder clay subsoil. It had an outer face of well-coursed mortared ashlar, retaining a rubble core. The outer face rested on wooden planks. Part of the bastion ditch, which was separated from the stonework by a berm 1 metres wide, was excavated on the south side. There were stake holes half way up the inner slope, possibly marking the positions of swinefeathers. The outer edge of the ditch appeared to have an almost vertical side. Three musket balls came from the lower ditch deposits, along with a small wooden object which may have had a military connection. Post Civil War infilling of the ditch was limited, and produced pottery and objects of the late seventeenth century. The bastion stonework became a stone "quarry". The bastion was probably of "arrowhead" form, the point opposite the centre of the medieval tower. SCHEDULED ANCIENT MONUMENT
Site Type: Broad
Fortification
SITEDESC
By the seventeenth century, the medieval town wall defences had become neglected and the onset of the Civil War made their repair a matter of urgency. Work was carried out between 1638 and 1644, when Newcastle was besieged by the Scottish Army, with bastions and forts constructed outside the town walls. There is evidence of re-cutting of the medieval ditch at several points on the defensive circuit. During excavations at Plummer Tower in 1989, evidence for a stone-built bastion or bulwark was found. Plummer Tower became an artillery position at the time of the Civil War, and the bastion was built as an outwork to strengthen the defensive capability of the tower. It may have been the result of Sir Jacob Astley's visit to Newcastle in 1639, to advise on improving the town's defences in the light of the threat from Scotland. One of Astley's plans shows an artillery piece described as "a small cannon" beside Plummer Tower. The excavation demonstrated that the bastion had been cut into the boulder clay subsoil. It had an outer face of well-coursed mortared ashlar, retaining a rubble core. The outer face rested on wooden planks. Part of the bastion ditch, which was separated from the stonework by a berm 1m wide, was excavated on the south side. There were stake holes half way up the inner slope, possibly marking the positions of swinefeathers. The outer edge of the ditch appeared to have an almost vertical side. Three musket balls came from the lower ditch deposits, along with a small wooden object which may have had a military connection. Post Civil War infilling of the ditch was limited, and produced pottery and objects of the late seventeenth century. The bastion stonework became a stone "quarry". The bastion was probably of "arrowhead" form, the point opposite the centre of the medieval tower.
Site Name
Newcastle town wall, Plummer Tower, Civil War bastion
Site Type: Specific
Bastion
SITE_STAT
Scheduled Monument
HER Number
6034
Form of Evidence
Demolished Building
Sources
J. Nolan, R. Fraser, R.B. Harbottle and F.C. Burton, 1989, The medieval town defences of Newcastle upon Tyne - excavation and survey, Archaeologia Aeliana, series 5, Vol 17, pp 29-78; C.S. Terry, 1899, The Seige of Newcastle upon Tyne by the Scots in 1644, Archaeologia Aeliana, series 2, Vol 21; P. Harrington, 1992, The Archaeology of the English Civil War