18th century culvert associated with a gently ramped earthwork marking the vista from the Statue of Liberty column..
SITEASS
The culvert has been damaged through arable farming. Current Countryside Stewardship Scheme proposes to repair this feature. The vista earthwork is to be rebuilt to its previous height.
Site Type: Broad
Water Regulation Installation
SITEDESC
18th century culvert associated with a gently ramped earthwork marking the vista from the Statue of Liberty column {1}..
Site Name
Gibside Estate, Lady Haugh, C18 culvert
Site Type: Specific
Culvert
HER Number
5122
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 5122 >> W.A. Fairhurst & Partners, 2002, Gibside Estate - Countryside Stewardship Scheme, Restoration and Management
SURVIVAL
80-90%
YEAR1
2002
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
18
DAY2
11
District
Gateshead
Easting
417060
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ15NE
MONTH1
7
MONTH2
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
558620
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Tudor 1485 to 1603
Place
Gibside
Description
This meadow was the location of a C16 iron working site. In 1545 Richard Hodgson of Byermoor had a furnace built in the freehold dividing West and East Gibside. Roger Blakiston provided rammel (loppings from the woods). A deed of the 1520s refers to '500 oakes sould by Roger Merlay' at the time of the inception of the furnace. Hodgson's ironmill and furnace at Gibside had rights to the ore from the entire Blakistion domain. By 1553 Roger Blakiston and Richard Hodgson were able to buy out two partners, one of them being Roger's father, William. They owned between them a 'full thrid pte of all the said yrne mynes and yrne mylne'. As well as providing the ore and charcoal for founding, the Blakistons provided coal for forging. They co-opted a metallurgist to exploit their resources on the spot. By 1550 they had an integrated industry. The forge of the 1550s may have been abandoned by the end of the 16th century. In 1608 William Blakiston gave leave to Edward Talbot to build a forge and furnace in the Mylne Field and to make watercourses 'to and fro the said forges and furnisses'. The water supply may have come from the Leapmill Burn. The forge is shown on a plan of 1633 700 yards NE of the burn's junction with the Derwent. Edward Talbot was the brother of the ironmaster 7th Earl of Shrewsbury. In the 1630s the number of smiths doubled at Gibside, indicating an expanson of ironmaking. By the 1680s numbers of smiths had tripled. Swedish imports were used to supplement and improve local stock. This was the period of Baltic 'Eastland' trade. Despite this growth, iron remained the least dynamic Tyne industry - most energy went into ships and coal. The Blakistons eventually abandoned iron for coal.George Bowes established river walls or 'keys' to reduce flooding. A drive crossed the haugh through gates at each end, probably constructed around 1790 to 1820. As the western entrance became more important in the 19th century as a route to the railway, a lodge was built at the entrance to the haugh and ramping provided to reduce the slope.
SITEASS
Current Countryside Stewardship Scheme proposes returning this arable field to grassland, which should protect the industrial remains. Ground works will be monitored by the National Trust's Archaeologist.
Site Type: Broad
Metal Industry Site
SITEDESC
This meadow was the location of a C16 iron working site. In 1545 Richard Hodgson of Byermoor had a furnace built in the freehold dividing West and East Gibside. Roger Blakiston provided rammel (loppings from the woods). A deed of the 1520s refers to '500 oakes sould by Roger Merlay' at the time of the inception of the furnace. Hodgson's ironmill and furnace at Gibside had rights to the ore from the entire Blakistion domain. By 1553 Roger Blakiston and Richard Hodgson were able to buy out two partners, one of them being Roger's father, William. They owned between them a 'full thrid pte of all the said yrne mynes and yrne mylne'. As well as providing the ore and charcoal for founding, the Blakistons provided coal for forging. They co-opted a metallurgist to exploit their resources on the spot. By 1550 they had an integrated industry. The forge of the 1550s may have been abandoned by the end of the 16th century. In 1608 William Blakiston gave leave to Edward Talbot to build a forge and furnace in the Mylne Field and to make watercourses 'to and fro the said forges and furnisses'. The water supply may have come from the Leapmill Burn. The forge is shown on a plan of 1633 700 yards NE of the burn's junction with the Derwent. Edward Talbot was the brother of the ironmaster 7th Earl of Shrewsbury. In the 1630s the number of smiths doubled at Gibside, indicating an expanson of ironmaking. By the 1680s numbers of smiths had tripled. Swedish imports were used to supplement and improve local stock. This was the period of Baltic 'Eastland' trade. Despite this growth, iron remained the least dynamic Tyne industry - most energy went into ships and coal. The Blakistons eventually abandoned iron for coal.George Bowes established river walls or 'keys' to reduce flooding. A drive crossed the haugh through gates at each end, probably constructed around 1790 to 1820. As the western entrance became more important in the 19th century as a route to the railway, a lodge was built at the entrance to the haugh and ramping provided to reduce the slope.
Site Name
Gibside Estate, Warrens Haugh, iron works
Site Type: Specific
Iron Working Site
SITE_STAT
Register of Parks and Gardens Grade II*
HER Number
5121
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 5121 >> W.A. Fairhurst & Partners, 2002, Gibside Estate - Countryside Stewardship Scheme, Restoration and Management; Eric Clavering and Alan Rounding, 1995, Early Tyneside Industrialism: The lower Derwent and Blaydon Burn Valleys 1550-1700, Archaeologia Aeliana, Series 5, Vol XXIII, pages 249-268
YEAR1
2002
YEAR2
2011
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area, Site of Special Scientific Interest
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
18
DAY2
20
District
Gateshead
Easting
418070
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ15NE
MONTH1
7
MONTH2
5
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
559080
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Gibside
Description
Estates in the 18th century tried to be as self-sufficient as possible, and for this reason a brick kiln was built in the centre of the Gibside estate in the area now known as the Brick Kiln Field. In this field are the remains of the pond where the clay was extracted. The Brick Kiln Field is shown on Fryer's map of 1803. Shown on the 1767 Estate Map as Longlands. The hollow area on the northern side of the field is the old brick pit and a long mound and spread of brick debris on the eastern side of the pit suggest the location of the kiln. There are many references to the operation of the brick kiln in the 18th century accounts.
SITEASS
Current Countryside Stewardship Scheme proposes returning this arable field to grassland, which should protect the industrial remains. Ground works will be monitored by the National Trust's Archaeologist.
Site Type: Broad
Estate Building
SITEDESC
Estates in the 18th century tried to be as self-sufficient as possible, and for this reason a brick kiln was built in the centre of the Gibside estate in the area now known as the Brick Kiln Field. In this field are the remains of the pond where the clay was extracted. The Brick Kiln Field is shown on Fryer's map of 1803. Shown on the 1767 Estate Map as Longlands. The hollow area on the northern side of the field is the old brick pit and a long mound and spread of brick debris on the eastern side of the pit suggest the location of the kiln. There are many references to the operation of the brick kiln in the 18th century accounts. {1}.
Site Name
Gibside Estate, The Brick Field, Brick Kiln
Site Type: Specific
Estate Building
SITE_STAT
Register of Parks and Gardens Grade II*
HER Number
5120
Form of Evidence
Earthwork
Sources
<< HER 5120 >> W.A. Fairhurst & Partners, 2002, Gibside Estate - Countryside Stewardship Scheme, Restoration and Management
YEAR1
2002
YEAR2
2009
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
26
District
N Tyneside
Easting
436740
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
569260
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Tynemouth
Description
Victorian Drill Hall which replaced Clifford's Fort (HER 149-150).
Site Type: Broad
Military Training Site
SITEDESC
Victorian Drill Hall which replaced Clifford's Fort (HER 149-150). The site had previously been a football pitch for the Tynemouth Amateur Football Club.
Site Name
New Cliffords Fort, Drill Hall
Site Type: Specific
Drill Hall
HER Number
5119
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
D. Heslop, pers comment
YEAR1
2005
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
CONDITION
Poor
DAY1
12
District
N Tyneside
Easting
436590
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
569170
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Tynemouth
Description
A temporary station built in 1865 to replace the former terminus of the Blyth and Tyne Railway (HER 5117). This in turn was superseded by another station to the east (HER 2046).
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
A temporary station built in 1865 to replace the former terminus of the Blyth and Tyne Railway (SMR 5117). This in turn was superseded by another station to the east (SMR 2046).
Site Name
Blyth and Tyne temporary railway station
Site Type: Specific
Railway Station
HER Number
5118
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 5118 >> D. Heslop, 2002, Tynemouth, Extensive Urban Survey
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2002
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
CONDITION
Poor
DAY1
12
District
N Tyneside
Easting
436500
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
569100
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Tynemouth
Description
The Blyth and Tyne was extending its system, and in 1860-1 opened a branch from Hartley to a terminus of its own on the north side of the main Tynemouth Road, some 500 metres to the west of the earlier site (HER 1200 the Oxford Street Terminus of the Newcastle and Berwick Railway). This site was suceeded in 1864 by a temporary site a little way to the north-east of its predecessor (HER 5118).
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
The Blyth and Tyne was extending its system, and in 1860-1 opened a branch from Hartley to a terminus of its own on the north side of the main Tynemouth Road, some 500m to the west of the earlier site (SMR 1200 the Oxford Street Terminus of the Newcastle and Berwick Railway). This site was succeeded in 1864 by a temporary site a little way to the north-east of its predecessor (SMR 5118).
Site Name
Blyth and Tyne Railway Terminus
Site Type: Specific
Railway Station
HER Number
5117
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 5117 >> D. Heslop, 2002, Tynemouth, Extensive Urban Survey
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2002
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
12
District
Gateshead
Easting
419200
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
561300
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Tudor 1485 to 1603
Place
Winlaton
Description
Recommended as a site with potential 16th century/17th century coal workings, however no surface features were identified in this area during the field visit. No evidence of surface features, but potentially important underground Medieval mining galleries. Although no surface remains were identified this does not preclude the existence of important medieval underground workings
SITEASS
Action - notify County Archaeologist that undisturbed underground workings of major importance may survive; re-assess in light of further evidence. An archaeological evaluation should be conditioned on any planning application affecting the site {1}.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Recommended as a site with potential C16/C17 coal workings, however no surface features were identified in this area during the field visit. No evidence of surface features, but potentially important underground Medieval mining galleries. Although no surface remains were identified this does not preclude the existence of important medieval underground workings {1}
Site Name
Damhead Wood, Coal Workings
Site Type: Specific
Coal Workings
HER Number
5116
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 5116 >> English Heritage, Monuments Protection Program, Site Assessment
YEAR1
2002
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
Class
Commemorative
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
CONDITION
Fair
DAY1
11
DAY2
11
District
Newcastle
Easting
425020
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NW
MATERIAL
Sandstone
MONTH1
7
MONTH2
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
568300
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
South Gosforth
Description
Large commemorative stone celebrating the successful sinking of South Gosforth Colliery. On the east face the inscription reads "Main Dike distance from pit 319 yds cut 3rd June 1828". On west face "Main Dyke". The stone now lies on a modern housing estate and commemorates a shaft sinking that was achieved with great difficulty. The sinking is described in Hair 1844. Marker stone. Sandstone ashlar. Circa 1828. Round-topped slab about 1.5 metres high. The Main or 90 fathom dike was a serious obstacle to coalmining in Northumberland. An underground ball was held to commemorate this event; each guest hewed a souvenir piece of coal. LISTED GRADE 2
SITEASS
Large chip on left of east face and other damage elsewhere, scratched on west face, dirty and weathered {2000, Usherwood, Beach and Morris}.
Site Type: Broad
Commemorative Monument
SITEDESC
Large commemorative stone celebrating the successful sinking of South Gosforth Colliery. On the east face the inscription reads "Main Dike distance from pit 319 yds cut 3rd June 1828". On west face "Main Dyke". The stone now lies on a modern housing estate and commemorates a shaft sinking that was achieved with great difficulty. The sinking is described in Hair 1844 {1}. Marker stone. Sandstone ashlar. Circa 1828. Round-topped slab about 1.5m high. The Main or 90 fathom dike was a serious obstacle to coalmining in Northumberland. An underground ball was held to commemorate this event; each guest hewed a souvenir piece of coal {2}.
Site Name
South Gosforth, St Aiden's Walk, Main Dike Stone
Site Type: Specific
Commemorative Monument
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II
HER Number
5115
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 5115 >> English Heritage, Monuments Protection Program, Site Assessment
Dept. of National Heritage, of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, 09-Nov
Hair, 1844, View of Collieries, p 21-22
R. Welford, 1879, History of the Parish of Gosforth, reprint 1975 p 48
I. Ayris & S.M. Linsley, 1994, A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, p 38; Paul Usherwood, Jeremy Beach and Catherine Morris, 2000, Public Sculpture of North-East England, p 86-87
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2002
YEAR2
2008
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
CONDITION
Fair
DAY1
11
District
Newcastle
Easting
421070
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563570
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Scotswood
Description
Stone and brick-built entrance to stone-lined tunnel; interpreted as a drift mine, but may have been for a railway incline. Restored by City Council in 1986. Part of the inclined railway from the Scotswood Delaval Drift passes under the former Scotswood, Newburn and Wylam Railway in the form of a tunnel passing through the embankment of the Railway across the road from the Vickers' Works.
SITEASS
Of local industrial interest, but a case for cannot be made for Scheduling {1}.
Site Type: Broad
Tunnel Portal
SITEDESC
Stone and brick-built entrance to stone-lined tunnel; interpreted as a drift mine, but may have been for a railway incline. Restored by County Council in 1986 {1}. Part of the inclined railway from the Scotswood Delaval Drift passes under the former Scotswood, Newburn and Wylam Railway in the form of a tunnel passing through the embankment of the Railway across the road from the Vickers' Works {2}.
Site Name
Scotswood, Drift Mine
Site Type: Specific
Tunnel Portal
HER Number
5114
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 5114 >> English Heritage, Monuments Protection Program, Site Assessment
I. Ayris & S.M. Linsley, 1994, A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, p 39
SURVIVAL
80-90%
YEAR1
2002
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
08
District
Gateshead
Easting
418300
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 16 SE 58
Northing
561250
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Winlaton Mill
Description
Wooded area containing dispersed shafts with collars of spoil and also the earthwork remains of a horse-drawn waggonway. The shafts may date from 1551-1581, but are more likely to have been Silvertop's workings of 1728.
SITEASS
Potentially important evidence of pit top arrangements and underground mining galleries. The site forms the best surviving area of 'bell-pit' type features within the core area of the Tyneside coal industry; the underground workings are likely to extend throughout the area and to be of importance. The area merits statutory protection by Scheduling or by other means {1}.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Wooded area containing dispersed shafts with collars of spoil and also the earthwork remains of a horse-drawn waggonway. The shafts may date from 1551-1581, but are more likely to have been Silvertop's workings of c1728 {1}.
Site Name
Lands Wood, C16 coal workings
Site Type: Specific
Coal Workings
HER Number
5113
Form of Evidence
Earthwork
Sources
<< HER 5113 >> English Heritage, Monuments Protection Program, Site Assessment