Entrance lodge for Armstrong Mitchell Shipyard (HER 5023) and electricity substation on White Street (then Victoria Street). Decorated brick lodge entrance to shipyard offices via stairs down to passage under rail siding. 1907 altered from entrance hall and bicycle store to pay office and waiting rooms and the 1901 substation enlarged adjacent. These 1907 functions explain present appearance with fluted brick frieze complete and the louvre 'shed' for increased ventilation for larger transformers. 1916 lodge altered to accommodate women workers' dining hall and lavatories. Substation remained.
SITEASS
Lodge now boarded up. Substation contains transformers and switch gear of Northern Electric.
Site Type: Broad
Power Generation Site
SITEDESC
Entrance lodge for Armstrong Mitchell Shipyard (SMR 5023) and electricity substation on White Street (then Victoria Street). Decorated brick lodge entrance to shipyard offices via stairs down to passage under rail siding. 1907 altered from entrance hall and bicycle store to pay office and waiting rooms and the 1901 substation enlarged adjacent. These 1907 functions explain present appearance with fluted brick frieze complete and the louvre 'shed' for increased ventilation for larger transformers. 1916 lodge altered to accommodate women workers' dining hall and lavatories. Substation remained.
Site Name
Entrance Lodge to Shipyard and electricity substation
Site Type: Specific
Electricity Sub Station
HER Number
5132
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
<< HER 5132 >> Alteration plans of 1907 & 1916, Tyne and Wear Archive Service
The Electrician, June, July, August, 1901, plan of original layout
YEAR1
2002
English, British
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Clare Henderson
DAY1
19
DAY2
18
District
Sunderland
Easting
431662
Grid ref figure
10
Map Sheet
NZ35SW
MONTH1
7
MONTH2
11
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
551408
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Fencehouses
Description
A rectangular complex of buildings (eight probable houses) and a similar number of associated gardens. Date established not known but the buildings are recorded on an 1812 Lambton Estate map and marked as "Elba" on the 1856 Ordnance Survey 25 inch to 1 mile map. The individual units are all well defined on the 1896 Ordnance Survey map, and on this basis the complex is not considered to be a farmstead. The buildings remained extant until 1920 but three sides of the complex had been demolished by 1940.
Site Type: Broad
Estate Building
SITEDESC
A rectangular complex of buildings (eight probable houses) and a similar number of associated gardens. Date established not known but the buildings are recorded on an 1812 Lambton Estate map and marked as "Elba" on the 1856 Ordnance Survey 25" map. The individual units are all well defined on the 1896 OS map, and on this basis the complex is not considered to be a farmstead. The buildings remained extant until 1920 but three sides of the complex had been demolished by 1940 {1}. A watching brief during reclamation works on the site of Lambton Cokeworks in 2009 concluded that all remains of Elba had probably been removed by the development of the cokeworks.
Site Name
Fencehouses, Elba
Site Type: Specific
Estate Cottage
HER Number
5131
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 5131 >> Northern Archaeological Associates, 2001, Sunderland Central Route, Multi Modal Study; Northern Archaeological Associates, 2009, Lambton Cokeworks Sunderland - Archaeological Monitoring
YEAR1
2002
YEAR2
2020
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
19
District
Sunderland
Easting
432840
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ34NW
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
549520
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Fencehouses
Description
Site of former stables and associated buildings located to south-east of Colliery Row. Probably constructed for stabling horses used on colliery wagonways in the area. The buildings are recorded on the 1838 Houghton-le-Spring tithe map and labelled as "North Hetton Stables" on the 1856 Ordnance Survey map. By 1896 the complex of buildings had expanded and are recorded as "North Hetton Farm". The original stable block no longer survives but the later farmhouse is still extant.
Site Type: Broad
Farm
SITEDESC
Site of former stables and associated buildings located to south-east of Colliery Row. Probably constructed for stabling horses used on colliery wagonways in the area. The buildings are recorded on the 1838 Houghton-le-Spring tithe map and labelled as "North Hetton Stables" on the 1856 OS map. By 1896 the complex of buildings had expanded and are recorded as "North Hetton Farm". The original stable block no longer survives but the later farmhouse is still extant {1}.
Site Name
North Hetton Farm and Stables
Site Type: Specific
Farmstead
HER Number
5130
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
<< HER 5130 >> Northern Archaeological Associates, 2001, Sunderland Central Route, Multi Modal Study
YEAR1
2002
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
19
District
Sunderland
Easting
432880
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ34NW
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
549830
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Houghton-le-Spring
Description
Former farmstead located on north side of the road between High Dubmire and Houghton-le-Spring. Date established not known but recorded on the 1838 Houghton-le-Spring tithe map. The building is recorded as Moors Farm by the Ordnance Survey from 1856 and the complex of buildings gradually increased from that date. Some of the outbuildings have been demolished since 1939 and both the farmhouse and adjoining range to the west are now in residential use.
Site Type: Broad
Farm
SITEDESC
Former farmstead located on north side of the road between High Dubmire and Houghton-le-Spring. Date established not known but recorded on the 1838 Houghton-le-Spring tithe map. The building is recorded as Moors Farm by the OS from 1856 and the complex of buildings gradually increased from that date. Some of the outbuildings have been demolished since 1939 and both the farmhouse and adjoining range to the west are now in residential use {1}.
Site Name
Moors Farm
Site Type: Specific
Farmstead
HER Number
5129
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
<< HER 5129 >> Northern Archaeological Associates, 2001, Sunderland Central Route, Multi Modal Study
YEAR1
2002
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
19
District
Sunderland
Easting
432590
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35SW
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
550850
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Houghton-le-Spring
Description
Building and ancilliary structure to north of Coaly Lane. Date established not known but recorded on the 1838 Newbottle tithe map and marked as "Segg Letch". In 1856 the buildings are marked as "Low Dubmires" and from 1896 as "Sedgeletch Farm". Most of the buildings survive intact but have been altered and modernised.
Site Type: Broad
Farm
SITEDESC
Building and ancillary structure to north of Coaly Lane. Date established not known but recorded on the 1838 Newbottle tithe map and marked as "Segg Letch". In 1856 the buildings are marked as "Low Dubmires" and from 1896 as "Sedgeletch Farm". Most of the buildings survive intact but have been altered and modernised {1}.
Site Name
Sedgeletch Farm
Site Type: Specific
Farmstead
HER Number
5128
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
<< HER 5128 >> Northern Archaeological Associates, 2001, Sunderland Central Route, Multi Modal Study
YEAR1
2002
English, British
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
08
District
S Tyneside
Easting
436300
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
11
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
567900
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Mesolithic -10,000 to -4,000
Place
South Shields
Description
Excavations at Arbeia Roman Fort in 1992-4 and 1999 revealed a multi-period prehistoric site preserved beneath the Roman fort. Flints attested mesolithic activity. In the early Neolithic a segmented ditch may represent part of a causewayed enclosure. By circa 3000 BC this had been superseded by pits and shelters associated with flint knapping. Finds also suggest a Bronze Age presence. The Iron Age was represented by a roundhouse (see HER 4357). Prehistoric artefacts have been recovered from the fort on previous occasions, including mesolithic and neolithic flints, a polished stone axe, a BA shale button and jet bead and a piece of Neolithic or Bronze Age rock art decorated with cups. During this excavation, 327 pieces of struck stone were recovered, mostly flint, but a few examples of chert and quartz. The tools included bashed lumps, cores, flakes, blades, scrapers, microliths, a burin and leaf-shaped arrowhead.
Site Type: Broad
Settlement
SITEDESC
Excavations at Arbeia Roman Fort in 1992-4 and 1999 revealed a multi-period prehistoric site preserved beneath the Roman fort. Flints attested mesolithic activity. In the early Neolithic a segmented ditch may represent part of a causewayed enclosure. By circa 3000 BC this had been superseded by pits and shelters associated with flint knapping. Finds also suggest a Bronze Age presence. The Iron Age was represented by a roundhouse (see HER 4357). Prehistoric artefacts have been recovered from the fort on previous occasions, including mesolithic and neolithic flints, a polished stone axe, a BA shale button and jet bead and a piece of Neolithic or Bronze Age rock art decorated with cups. During this excavation, 327 pieces of struck stone were recovered, mostly flint, but a few examples of chert and quartz. The tools included bashed lumps, cores, flakes, blades, scrapers, microliths, a burin and leaf-shaped arrowhead {1}.
Site Name
South Shields Roman Fort, prehistoric site
Site Type: Specific
Settlement
HER Number
5127
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 5127 >> N. Hodgson, G.C. Stobbs & M. Van Der Veen... 2001, An Iron-Age Settlement and Remains of Earlier Prehistoric Date beneath, The Archaeological Journal, Vol 158, 2001, p 62-160
N. Hodgson, 2001, A Mesolithic, Neolithic and Iron Age Site beneath Arbeia Roman Fort, South Shields, Archaeology North, No. 19, Winter 2001
YEAR1
2002
English, British
AREA_STAT
Register of Parks and Gardens Grade II*, Conservation Area, Site of Special Scientific Interest
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
CONDITION
Fair
Crossref
5006
DAY1
18
District
Gateshead
Easting
417480
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ15NE
MATERIAL
Brick
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
558710
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Gibside
Description
It was probably the second Mrs. Bowes wish that the ice house was built. In July 1747 William Cranston was sent from Ravensworth Castle with some ice. Some months later a letter arrived from Mr. Jones, gardener at Ravensworth Castle, requesting two pails of ice for his master. This may have hastened the building of the ice house. In 1748 Thomas Hope was paid for building up the arch at the ice house and John Maughan for sawing joists. In November of that year Thomas Hopes was building the ice house porch. The building was thatched. The bottom part was of an inverted beehive construction made of brick, 18 feet deep and 25 feet across. The top of the structure was a brick groin vault of concentric rings with cross arches on either side of the entrance. Bowes never again had to ask Ravensworth Castle for ice or fresh fruit. A stone entrance gives access to the hemispherical chamber of this late 18th century icehouse. LISTED GRADE 2
Site Type: Broad
Icehouse
SITEDESC
It was probably the second Mrs. Bowes wish that the ice house was built. In July 1747 William Cranston was sent from Ravensworth Castle with some ice. Some months later a letter arrived from Mr. Jones, gardener at Ravensworth Castle, requesting two pails of ice for his master. This may have hastened the building of the ice house. In 1748 Thomas Hope was paid for building up the arch at the ice house and John Maughan for sawing joists. In November of that year Thomas Hopes was building the ice house porch. The building was thatched. The bottom part was of an inverted beehive construction made of brick, 18ft deep and 25ft across. The top of the structure was a brick groin vault of concentric rings with cross arches on either side of the entrance. Bowes never again had to ask Ravensworth Castle for ice or fresh fruit {1}. A stone entrance gives access to the hemispherical chamber of this late 18th century icehouse {2}.
Site Name
Gibside Estate, Ice House
Site Type: Specific
Icehouse
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II
HER Number
5126
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 5126 >> M Wills, 1995, Gibside and the Bowes family, p 42
I. Ayris & S.M. Linsley, 1994, A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, p 62
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2002
English, British
AREA_STAT
Register of Parks and Gardens Grade II*, Conservation Area, Site of Special Scientific Interest
Class
Health and Welfare
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
CONDITION
Poor
DAY1
18
District
Gateshead
Easting
417360
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ15NE
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
558720
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Gibside
Description
George Bowes' first venture into architecture on his estate was to build a bath house. It was a simple classical one-storey building consisting of three rooms with a portico. The small room behind the portico was used as a dressing room. All three rooms had fireplaces. The rooms flanking the portico had sash windows with stone surrounds. The bath house was approximately 47 foot x 15 feet 6 inches. A clearing marks the site of the bath house today. A distant cousin of John Bowes, George Bowes great-grandson, Martha Helen Davidson, sketched the bath house in 1827. Her drawing showed that the bath house stood above a 60 foot cliff, partly retained by stone blocks, with a balustrade to protect the path in front of the bath house. The bath house had been first mentioned in the records in September 1733. By November of that year Joseph Pallister, a carpenter and one of the skilled estate workers, was paid for roofing the bath, and the following May may sashes for it. In 1734 Pallister paid for a piece of leather for the plug at the bath. By November Jon Bickerdike was 'wainscotting and flooring' several rooms of the bath house. Two months later Samuel Clark was putting up a marble chimney was fixing iron rails round the bath. Francesco Vassalli, a Swiss stucco worker, was commissioned to do the plasterwork. The architect of the bath house is not known. Sadly it was destroyed by a landslip in the 19th century.
Site Type: Broad
Bath House
SITEDESC
George Bowes' first venture into architecture on his estate was to build a bath house. It was a simple classical one-storey building consisting of three rooms with a portico. The small room behind the portico was used as a dressing room. All three rooms had fireplaces. The rooms flanking the portico had sash windows with stone surrounds. The bath house was approximately 47ft x 15ft 6 inches. A clearing marks the site of the bath house today. A distant cousin of John Bowes, George Bowes great-grandson, Martha Helen Davidson, sketched the bath house in 1827. Her drawing showed that the bath house stood above a 60ft cliff, partly retained by stone blocks, with a balustrade to protect the path in front of the bath house. The bath house had been first mentioned in the records in September 1733. By November of that year Joseph Pallister, a carpenter and one of the skilled estate workers, was paid for roofing the bath, and the following May made sashes for it. In 1734 Pallister paid for a piece of leather for the plug at the bath. By November Jon Bickerdike was 'wainscotting and flooring' several rooms of the bath house. Two months later Samuel Clark was putting up a marble chimney was fixing iron rails round the bath. Francesco Vassalli, a Swiss stucco worker, was commissioned to do the plasterwork. The architect of the bath house is not known. Sadly it was destroyed by a landslip in the 19th century {1}.
Site Name
Gibside Estate, Bath House
Site Type: Specific
Bath House
HER Number
5125
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 5125 >> M Wills, 1995, Gibside and the Bowes family, p 18-21
W.A. Fairhurst & Partners, 2002, Gibside Estate - Countryside Stewardship Scheme, Restoration and Management
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2002
English, British
AREA_STAT
Register of Parks and Gardens Grade II*, Conservation Area
Class
Gardens Parks and Urban Spaces
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Claire MacRae
CONDITION
Fair
DAY1
18
DAY2
05
District
Gateshead
Easting
417210
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ15NE
MATERIAL
Brick
MONTH1
7
MONTH2
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
558390
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Gibside
Description
The walled garden was moved from a position near Gibside House to a site some 500 yards to the south-west of it. It became customary to have the kitchen garden some distance from the house due to the smells of night soil and manure. Work began in 1734. A basin was made in one corner, there were hot beds and espaliards round the walls. Work was complete in 1736}. Garden wall. Third quarter of C18. Brick with sandstone ashlar dressings.
High wall with flat stone coping surrounds garden. Double-keystoned
lintel and stone jambs to boarded door in south elevation. (Altered). A programme of archaeological monitoring and recording by NCAS in 2013 was undertaken at the Walled Garden. A variety of features were recorded, principally planting plate for the 18th century and later orchard. In the northern part of the garden the planting plates were, with one exception, c.2m square and formed of re-used square or rectangular sandstone flags of various sizes lying at a depth of between 0.67-0.55m bgl. To the south there were variations to this regular pattern. In this area, stone-flagged planting plates were edged with hand-made red brick. The planting plates were arranged in two rows, one on either side of the central garden path, and correspond closely to tree positions swhon on the 1857 OS plan. Circular red brick planting plates were located in the southern part of the garden representing a secondary phase of planting.
Evidential Value- Built fabric of walls, some archaeological potential
Historical Value- The illustrative historic significances of the walled garden mainly relate to the history of the Bowes family and the gradual evolution of Gibside. The garden also sits in the context of other similar walled gardens, and is a relatively early, though unsophisticated and not exceptionally well-preserved, example of its type.
Aesthetic Value - The zoning of the walled garden area, including its designation within a Registered Park and Garden, highlights its high potential for Aesthetic value. See Heritage Impact Assessment for more detail.
Site Type: Broad
Garden
SITEDESC
The walled garden was moved from a position near Gibside House to a site some 500 yards to the south-west of it. It became customary to have the kitchen garden some distance from the house due to the smells of night soil and manure. Work began in 1734. A basin was made in one corner, there were hot beds and espaliards round the walls. Work was complete in 1736 {1}. Garden wall. Third quarter of C18. Brick with sandstone ashlar dressings.
High wall with flat stone coping surrounds garden. Double-keystoned
lintel and stone jambs to boarded door in south elevation. (Altered). A programme of archaeological monitoring and recording by NCAS in 2013 was undertaken at the Walled Garden. A variety of features were recorded, principally planting plate for the 18th century and later orchard. In the northern part of the garden the planting plates were, with one exception, c.2m square and formed of re-used square or rectangular sandstone flags of various sizes lying at a depth of between 0.67-0.55m bgl. To the south there were variations to this regular pattern. In this area, stone-flagged planting plates were edged with hand-made red brick. The planting plates were arranged in two rows, one on either side of the central garden path, and correspond closely to tree positions swhon on the 1857 OS plan. Circular red brick planting plates were located in the southern part of the garden representing a secondary phase of planting.
Site Name
Gibside Estate, Walled Garden
Site Type: Specific
Walled Garden
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II
HER Number
5124
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 5124 >> M Wills, 1995, Gibside and the Bowes family, p 21, 99 W.A. Fairhurst & Partners, 2002, Gibside Estate - Countryside Stewardship Scheme, Restoration and Management; Department of National Heritage, List of Buildings of Special architectural or Historic Interest, 10/112; Northern Counties Archaeological Services, 2013, The Walled Garden, Gibside Estate, archaeological monitoring and recording; Northern Counties Archaeological Services, 2009, The Walled Garden, Gibside Estate- Archaeological Watching Brief; Mark Newman, Gibside Walled Garden, 2017, Heritage Impact Assessment
SURVIVAL
80-90%
YEAR1
2002
YEAR2
2017
English, British
AREA_STAT
Register of Parks and Gardens Grade II*, Conservation Area
Class
Gardens Parks and Urban Spaces
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
CONDITION
Fair
DAY1
18
DAY2
16
District
Gateshead
Easting
417280
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ15NE
MATERIAL
Ashlar
MONTH1
7
MONTH2
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
558600
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Gibside
Description
In 1772 Mary Eleanor Bowes started building a greenhouse called the Orangery with an ornamental pond outside. First referred to in the cash accounts as "The New Green House". The tall windows of the south east façade looked on to a paddock where an ornamental pond 50 feet across was made. The rear of the building had smaller windows because of its exposed position. It measured 60 feetby 40 feet9 inches. It was faced in ashlar. Hand made brick was used in the interior, with a lath and plaster finish. The building has been attributed to James Paine on stylistic grounds, but with no documentary evidence. The windows were large and elaborate. The arcade which fronted the building consisted of seven bays of Tuscan columns. There was no glass in the roof, but a shallow hipped roof of slate was masked by a balustrade decorated with urns. The small entrance lobbies prevented draughts reaching delicate plants. One entrance lobby was oval and had a fireplace and four decorative wall niches. The other lobby was rectangular with rounded corners and contained the heating system for the building. Part of the floor was excavated to hold a boiler and furnace. A central vaulted area was a coal store. The building is now ruinous. LISTED GRADE 2*. A ghostly figure has been seen gliding across the grounds towards the orangery, thought to be the spirit of Mary Eleanor Bowes. She had wished to be laid to rest at Gibside mausoleum, but was buried at Westminster Abbey in 1800.
SITEASS
In 1989 the interior of the orangery was archaeologically cleared and recorded. It may have begun life as an orangery in the true sense (a building in which the rare and fashionable orange trees could be over-wintered). The building continued in use with modifications to its internal arrangements, into the Victorian and Edwardian periods. The exterior appears to be of one phase. Its plan (particularly the apse with tall windows giving views across the Derwent valley) suggests that from the start it was intended to be more than just a building to protect exotic plants from the winter weather. It probably functioned as a garden room for parties from the Hall. A sketch of the building in the 1820s shows that it was originally taller with a balustrade above the present cornice, supporting elaborate stone urns. The hipped mono-pitch slate roof was later replaced, probably in the 1870s or 80s by six separate multipitch roofs, glazed, and supported on cast iron columns. The hollow columns may have also served as rainwater downpipes. The balustrade was removed. Heating may have originally been by a furnace, with hot gasses passed through flues beneath the floor and through some of the walls. In its latter period a boiler was provided. The main walls were rendered internally - traces of plaster survives in patches. Small particles of coal and ginger hair is included in the plaster. Vertical laths survive on some of the internal faces of the walls. Stone paving survives in patches, with gulleys covered with iron grids (drains). Orangery is ungoing further restoration in 2004 with further recording.
Site Type: Broad
Glasshouse
SITEDESC
In 1772 Mary Eleanor Bowes started building a greenhouse called the Orangery with an ornamental pond outside {1}. First referred to in the cash accounts as "The New Green House". The tall windows of the south east façade looked on to a paddock where an ornamental pond 50ft across was made. The rear of the building had smaller windows because of its exposed position. It measured 60ft by 40ft 9 inches. It was faced in ashlar. Hand made brick was used in the interior, with a lath and plaster finish. The building has been attributed to James Paine on stylistic grounds, but with no documentary evidence. The windows were large and elaborate. The arcade which fronted the building consisted of seven bays of Tuscan columns. There was no glass in the roof, but a shallow hipped roof of slate was masked by a balustrade decorated with urns. The small entrance lobbies prevented draughts reaching delicate plants. One entrance lobby was oval and had a fireplace and four decorative wall niches. The other lobby was rectangular with rounded corners and contained the heating system for the building. Part of the floor was excavated to hold a boiler and furnace. A central vaulted area was a coal store. The building is now ruinous {2}.
Site Name
Gibside Estate, Orangery
Site Type: Specific
Orangery
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II*
HER Number
5123
Form of Evidence
Ruined Building
Sources
<< HER 5123 >> W.A. Fairhurst & Partners, 2002, Gibside Estate - Countryside Stewardship Scheme, Restoration and Management
M Wills, 1995, Gibside and the Bowes family, p 68-74, 93-95; Interim statement on work at Gibside Orangery; Gateshead Council, 1999, Conservation Area Policy Guidelines, Strategies and Character Statements, Gibside Conservation Area, pp 51-53; Rob Kirkup, 2009, Ghostly Tyne and Wear, pages 59-61; Northern Counties Archaeological Services, 2005, The Orangery, Gibside, Burnopfield, Archaeological Watching Brief