After New Gate, the West Gate was the largest gateway into the town, providing access on the main route from the west. Two published views, both from the outside, hint at a great tower behind a barbican which terminated in square turrets. The vaulted passage appears to be open in the centre, perhaps the site of the turning bridge referred to in 1574, and the whole is quite similar to Tynemouth gatehouse. It was presumably built in the 13th century, with the barbican probably a later addition, perhaps by Roger Thornton? Used as a prison in the 16th and 17th centuries, and as a magazine. In the 18th century it was a meeting hall for the House Carpenters Company. Temporarily blocked up in 1745; a footway was opened on the north side of the gateway in 1782; the whole gate was demolished in 1811/12.
Site Type: Broad
Town Defences
SITEDESC
Stood at junction of Cross Street with Westgate Road. After New Gate, this was the largest gateway into the town, providing access on the main route from the west. The two published views, both from the outside, hint at a great tower behind a barbican which terminated in square turrets. The vaulted passage appears to be open in the centre, perhaps the site of the turning bridge referred to in 1574, and the whole is quite similar to Tynemouth gatehouse. GBR enlarged on this, having seen another illustration, and said the principal tower had "semi-sexagonal" flanking towers. It was presumably built in the C13, with the barbican probably a later addition, perhaps by Roger Thornton? Used as a prison (C16 and C17) - The West Gate was used as a prison for troublesome apprentices, during the Civil War all seventeen prisoners escaped down a toilet shaft on ropes, and as a magazine. In the 18th century it was a meeting hall for the House Carpenters Company. Temporarily blocked up in 1745; a footway was opened on the north side of the gateway in 1782; the whole gate was demolished in 1811/12. Dated C13th.
Site Name
Newcastle town wall, West Gate
Site Type: Specific
Town Wall
HER Number
1528
Form of Evidence
Demolished Building
Sources
<< HER 1528 >> J. Brand, 1789, History of Newcastle, I, 10-11
G.B. Richardson, 19th century, The Walls of Newcastle, 129-133 -Newcastle University Library Unpublished MS
T.M. Richardson, 1880, Memorials of Old Newcastle-upon-Tyne, pl. xiii
S. Holmes, 1896, The Town Walls of Newcastle upon Tyne, Archaeologia Aeliana, 2,XVIII, 13
M.A. Richardson, 1841, Local Historian's Table Book, Historical Division, I, 279
M.A. Richardson, 1843, Local Historian's Table Book, Historical Division, III, 49, 112
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
1995
YEAR2
2015
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Defence
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
1507,1526
DAY1
26
DAY2
18
District
Newcastle
Easting
424470
EASTING2
2443
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MATERIAL
Sandstone
MONTH1
1
MONTH2
4
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
563990
NORTHING2
6403
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Newcastle
Description
The inner face of this stretch, 93 yards long and probably with one turret, is shown in Richardson’s drawing of the Pink Tower in 1826, probably to the wall walk but without the parapet. There is no extant view of the exterior. An order of 1647 calls for the repair of the town wall, "especially a breach near a place called the Pink Tower, in length 55 yards, about 3 yards thick and six yards and a half high".
Site Type: Broad
Town Defences
SITEDESC
The inner face of this stretch, 93 yards long and probably with one turret, is shown in TMR's drawing of the Pink Tower in 1826, probably to the wall walk but without the parapet. There is no extant view of the exterior. GBR suggests that it was demolished in 1839 for the formation of Clayton Street west. He also cites an order of 1647 for the repair of the town wall, "especially a breach near a place called the Pink Tower, in length 55 yards, about 3 yards thick and six yards and a half high". One of his drawings apparently shows a pristine chamfered course of such length south-east of the tower that it is more likely that the site of the breach was in this stretch to the north- west, which was therefore a rebuild. Dated C13th.
Site Name
Newcastle town wall, curtain north-west of Pink Tower
Site Type: Specific
Town Wall
HER Number
1527
Form of Evidence
Demolished Building
Sources
<< HER 1527 >> J. Brand, 1789, History of Newcastle, I, 10
T.M. Richardson, 1880, Memorials of Old Newcastle-upon-Tyne, pl. xxxvii
G.B. Richardson, 19th century, The Walls of Newcastle, 123, 125 -Newcastle University Library Unpublished MS
S. Holmes, 1896, The Town Walls of Newcastle upon Tyne, Archaeologia Aeliana, 2, XVIII, 13
C.H.H. Blair, 1937, The Walls of Newcastle...illustrated...by George Bouchier Richardson, Archaeologia Aeliana, 4, XIV, 126, pls. xiv.1, xv.1
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
1995
YEAR2
1995
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Defence
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Claire MacRae
Crossref
1507,1524
DAY1
24
DAY2
12
District
Newcastle
Easting
424470
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MATERIAL
Sandstone
MONTH1
1
MONTH2
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563990
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Newcastle
Description
Until its removal in 1852, and because it had never been occupied by a company, the Pink Tower is reported to have been, "the most complete example of the single-chambered towers extant", though it "had been slightly but unnecessarily encroached upon for the formation of Clayton Street...". Surviving illustrations show that it possessed all the features typical of the semi- circular towers. Apparently let in 1770 to Thomas Blackett, a Newcastle merchant, for use as a brewhouse.
Site Type: Broad
Town Defences
SITEDESC
Until its removal in 1852, and because it had never been occupied by a company, it was, so GBR tells us, "the most complete example of the single- chambered towers extant", though it "had been slightly but unnecessarily encroached upon for the formation of Clayton Street...". Surviving illustrations show that it possessed all the features typical of the semi- circular towers, including the stepped corbels for the external bretasche. Mackenzie reported that the ground floor was "used for the convenience of the adjoining inhabitants", meaning? Holmes erroneously declared that, at the time of demolition, it had an upper storey, but he had confused it with Gunner Tower. Apparently let in 1770 to Thomas Blackett, a Newcastle merchant, for use as a brewhouse. Stood at junction of Pink Lane with Clayton Street West. Resembled Durham Tower. Dated C13th.
Site Name
Newcastle town wall, Pink Tower
Site Type: Specific
Town Wall
HER Number
1526
Form of Evidence
Demolished Building
Sources
<< HER 1526 >> J. Brand, 1789, History of Newcastle, I, 10
E. Mackenzie, 1827, View of Newcastle, 109
T.M. Richardson, 1880, Memorials of Old Newcastle-upon-Tyne, pl. xxxvii
S. Holmes, 1896, The Town Walls of Newcastle upon Tyne, Archaeologia Aeliana, 2, XVIII, 13
C.H.H. Blair, 1937, The Walls of Newcastle...illustrated...by George Bouchier Richardson, Archaeologia Aeliana, 4, XIV, 126 and pls. xiv, xv.1
M.A. Richardson, 1846, Local Historian's Table Book, Historical Division, V, 340
G.B. Richardson, 19th century, The Walls of Newcastle, 123 -Newcastle University Library Unpublished MS
National Record Officelment Books, 1770, 544.13, p. 282 Tyne and Wear Archive Service
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
1995
YEAR2
2015
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Defence
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
1507,1524
DAY1
19
District
Newcastle
Easting
424520
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MATERIAL
Sandstone
MONTH1
1
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563950
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Newcastle
Description
Between Gunner-Tower and the next towards West-Gate is a postern conducting to the Firth, made, as appears by an inscription over the gateway, in 1705. Forth Lane was then given to the town by a Mr. Whitfield from his own property to provide access from Westgate. The gate is said to have been taken down in 1811.
Site Type: Broad
Town Defences
SITEDESC
"Between Gunner-Tower and the next towards West-Gate is a postern conducting to the Firth, made, as appears by an inscription over the gate-way, when Thomas Wasse, Esq. was mayor, and Matthew Matfen Esq. sheriff, A.D. 1705". Forth Lane was then given to the town by a Mr. Whitfield from his own property to provide access from Westgate.(1) Holmes says 1715 for 1705, but this is presumably an error. Richardson declares the gate "was built up in 1745 'in expectation of an attack by the rebels' but was evidently opened again soon afterwards".(3) It was taken down in 1811.(2) It must be said that it does not show convincingly in either of GBR's views of this stretch of wall.
Site Name
Newcastle town wall, postern to the Forth
Site Type: Specific
Town Wall
HER Number
1525
Form of Evidence
Demolished Building
Sources
<< HER 1525 >> J. Brand, 1789, History of Newcastle, I, 10n
E. Mackenzie, 1827, View of Newcastle, 109
G.B. Richardson, 19th century, The Walls of Newcastle, 120-1 -Newcastle University Library Unpublished MS
S. Holmes, 1896, The Town Walls of Newcastle upon Tyne, Archaeologia Aeliana, 2, XVIII, 13
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
1995
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Defence
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
1507,1523,1525
DAY1
19
DAY2
18
District
Newcastle
Easting
424550
EASTING2
2447
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MATERIAL
Sandstone
MONTH1
1
MONTH2
4
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
563930
NORTHING2
6399
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Newcastle
Description
This stretch was reported to be 80 yards long, and had one turret. It changed direction to the north before it reached Pink Tower. The stretch immediately north of Gunner Tower was "rased to within a few feet of its root about 1826. The residue, in a capital state of preservation, was exposed in 1852..." when it was presumably demolished with Pink Tower. This part of the curtain wall was pierced by the postern to the Forth.
Site Type: Broad
Town Defences
SITEDESC
This stretch was 80 yards long according to Brand, and had one turret. It changed direction to the north before it reached Pink Tower. Richardson's drawings show an external chamfer, and a run of 9 surviving crenellations on the more northerly section. The stretch immediately north of Gunner Tower was "rased to within a few feet of its root about 1826. The residue, in a capital state of preservation, was exposed in 1852..." when it was presumably demolished with Pink Tower. This part of the curtain wall was pierced by the postern to the Forth. Dated C13th.
Site Name
Newcastle town wall, curtain north-west of Gunner Tower
Site Type: Specific
Town Wall
HER Number
1524
Form of Evidence
Demolished Building
Sources
<< HER 1524 >> J. Brand, 1789, History of Newcastle, I, 10
E. Mackenzie, 1827, View of Newcastle, 109
G.B. Richardson, 19th century, The Walls of Newcastle, 119 -Newcastle University Library Unpublished MS
S. Holmes, 1896, The Town Walls of Newcastle upon Tyne, Archaeologia Aeliana, 2, XVIII, 13
C.H.H. Blair, 1937, The Walls of Newcastle...illustrated...by George Bouchier Richardson, Archaeologia Aeliana, 4, XIV, 126, pl. xiv
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
1995
YEAR2
1995
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Defence
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
1447,1507,1522
DAY1
17
District
Newcastle
Easting
424550
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MATERIAL
Sandstone
MONTH1
1
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563930
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Newcastle
SAMNUMBER
32751
Description
The site of this semi-circular tower, of the usual pattern, still survives rather oddly on the south side of Pink Lane, the intra-mural road. It was not sited at the point where the wall changed direction, perhaps because this would have brought it too close to Pink Tower. In 1821 it was leased to the Company of Slaters and Tylers who converted it into a meeting hall, which is perhaps why it survived the wholesale destruction of the 1840s. After a succession of tenants from c. 1850s the Corporation demolished the tower in 1885. Excavation in 1964 showed that the visible semi-circular wall is a 19th century reconstruction, and that while the founds of the town wall survived the south-west wall of the tower was just damaged fragmentary footings. SCHEDULED ANCIENT MONUMENT AND LISTED GRADE 1
SITEASS
Excavation should be completed, and the site properly laid out.
Site Type: Broad
Town Defences
SITEDESC
The site of this semi-circular tower, of the usual pattern, still survives rather oddly on the south side of Pink Lane, the intra-mural road. It was not sited at the point where the wall changed direction, perhaps because this would have brought it too close to Pink Tower. In 1821 it was leased to the Company of Slaters and Tylers who converted it into a meeting hall, which is perhaps why it survived the wholesale destruction of the 1840s. After a succession of tenants from c. 1850s the Corporation demolished the tower in 1885. Although Holmes reported that only the top was removed, excavation in 1964 showed that the visible semi-circular wall is a 19th century reconstruction, and that while the founds of the town wall survived the south-west wall of the tower was just damaged fragmentary footings. Dated C13th.
Site Name
Newcastle town wall, Gunner Tower
Site Type: Specific
Town Wall
SITE_STAT
Scheduled Monument, Listed Building Grade I
HER Number
1523
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
<< HER 1523 >> J. Brand, 1789, History of Newcastle, I, 10
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, 1887, The 'Gunner Tower', Pink Lane... 2, II (for 1885-6), p. 22
S. Holmes, 1896, The Town Walls of Newcastle upon Tyne, Archaeologia Aeliana, 2, XVIII, 13
C.H.H. Blair, 1937, The Walls of Newcastle...illustrated...by George Bouchier Richardson, Archaeologia Aeliana, 4, XIV, pl. xiv.1
T. Wake, 1929, Thomas Bewick: A Centenary Appreciation, Archaeologia Aeliana, 4, VI, 119
B. Harbottle, 1967, An Excavation at the Gunner Tower, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1964, Archaeologia Aeliana, 4, XLV, 123-137
SURVIVAL
1-19%
YEAR1
1995
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Defence
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
1507,1521
DAY1
17
DAY2
18
District
Newcastle
Easting
424630
EASTING2
2455
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MATERIAL
Sandstone
MONTH1
1
MONTH2
4
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
563900
NORTHING2
6393
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Newcastle
Description
There are said to have been two turrets on this stretch of curtain between Stank Tower and Gunner Tower. It was presumably cleared away in c. 1847 (the same time as Stank Tower) for the making of Neville Street.
Site Type: Broad
Town Defences
SITEDESC
There are said to have been two turrets on this stretch of curtain between Stank Tower and Gunner Tower. A distant view by G.B. Richardson shows the wall here in a state of extreme dereliction, and it presumably was cleared away in c. 1847 (the same time as Stank Tower) for the making of Neville Street. Dated C13th.
Site Name
Newcastle town wall, curtain west of Stank Tower
Site Type: Specific
Town Wall
HER Number
1522
Form of Evidence
Demolished Building
Sources
<< HER 1522 >> R. Welford, 1887, The Walls of Newcastle in 1638, Archaeologia Aeliana, 2, XII, 230
S. Holmes, 1896, The Town Walls of Newcastle upon Tyne, Archaeologia Aeliana, 2, XVIII, 13
Llustration, C.H.H. Blair, 1937, The Walls of Newcastle...illustrated...by George Bouchier Richardson, Archaeologia Aeliana, 4, XIV, pl. xiv.1
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
1995
YEAR2
1995
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Defence
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
1507,1520
DAY1
17
District
Newcastle
Easting
424630
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MATERIAL
Sandstone
MONTH1
1
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563900
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Newcastle
Description
This tower is thought to have resembled the other bastions on the western fortifications, i.e. semi-circular in plan, single storey in height. In 1827 Mackenzie noted that "the upper part of this tower is demolished. There is a passage through it to a dwelling-house, and another into a garden". The semi-circular part was later flushed off to the curtain, and just one rib of the vault and the stairs remained when it was finally removed in 1847 for Neville Street.
Site Type: Broad
Town Defences
SITEDESC
G.B. Richardson was clear that this tower resembled "the rest of the bastions on the western fortifications", i.e. semi-circular in plan, single storey in height. In 1827 Mackenzie noted that "the upper part of this tower is demolished. There is a passage through it to a dwelling-house, and another into a garden". The semi-circular part was later flushed off to the curtain, and just one rib of the vault and the stairs remained when it was finally removed in 1847 for Neville Street. Holmes failed "to discover any record" of this tower. Dated C13th.
Site Name
Newcastle town wall, Stank Tower
Site Type: Specific
Town Wall
HER Number
1521
Form of Evidence
Demolished Building
Sources
<< HER 1521 >> J. Brand, 1789, History of Newcastle, I, 10
E. Mackenzie, 1827, View of Newcastle, 108
G.B. Richardson, 19th century, The Walls of Newcastle, 111 -Newcastle University Library Unpublished MS
S. Holmes, 1896, The Town Walls of Newcastle upon Tyne, Archaeologia Aeliana, 2, XVIII, 12
C.H.H. Blair, 1937, The Walls of Newcastle...illustrated...by George Bouchier Richardson, Archaeologia Aeliana, 4, XIV, 126, pl. xiv.1
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
1995
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
1507,1518
DAY1
20
DAY2
18
District
Newcastle
Easting
424720
EASTING2
2462
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MATERIAL
Sandstone
MONTH1
12
MONTH2
4
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
563850
NORTHING2
6390
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Newcastle
Description
The curtain wall ran in a straight line, roughly west-north-west, from West Spital Tower via Stank Tower to beyond Gunner Tower before changing direction. A map of the walls from 1638 shows two turrets on this stretch. The site of this piece is wholly under the Central Station so it must have been demolished in the late 1840s.
Site Type: Broad
Town Defences
SITEDESC
The curtain ran in a straight line, roughly west-north-west, from West Spital Tower via Stank Tower to beyond Gunner Tower before changing direction. Holmes declared there were two turrets on this stretch, presumably taking as his source the map of the walls in 1638. The site of this piece is wholly under the Central Station so it too must have been demolished in the late 1840s. Dated C13th.
Site Name
Newcastle town wall, curtain west of West Spital Tower
Site Type: Specific
Town Wall
HER Number
1520
Form of Evidence
Demolished Building
Sources
<< HER 1520 >> R. Welford, 1887, The Walls of Newcastle in 1638, Archaeologia Aeliana, 2, XII, 230
S. Holmes, 1896, The Town Walls of Newcastle upon Tyne, Archaeologia Aeliana, 2, XVIII, 12
C.H.H. Blair, 1937, The Walls of Newcastle...illustrated...by George Bouchier Richardson, Archaeologia Aeliana, 4, XIV, pl. xiv.1
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
1995
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
1507,1518
DAY1
20
District
Newcastle
Easting
424720
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MATERIAL
Sandstone
MONTH1
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563850
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Newcastle
Description
By 1290 the foundations of the town wall had been begun through the grounds of the Hospital, so cutting it off from some of its buildings. The brethren thereupon petitioned the king to grant them permission to have a postern through the wall. Oliver's map of 1830 shows two small breaks in the wall, one on each side of West Spital Tower, but it is uncertain which (if either) was the Hospital's postern.
Site Type: Broad
Town Defences
SITEDESC
By 1290 the foundations of the town wall had been begun through the grounds of the Hospital, so cutting it off from some of its buildings. The brethren thereupon petitioned the king to grant them permission to have a postern through the wall. Oliver's map of 1830 shows two small breaks in the wall, one on each side of West Spital Tower, but it is uncertain which (if either) was the Hospital's postern. G.B. Richardson favoured that on the west side of the tower. Dated C13th.
Site Name
Newcastle town wall, postern of BVM Hospital
Site Type: Specific
Town Wall
HER Number
1519
Form of Evidence
Demolished Building
Sources
<< HER 1519 >> Cal Pat Rolls, 1281-1292 388
J. Brand, 1789, History of Newcastle, I, 71
G.B. Richardson, 19th century, The Walls of Newcastle,109 -Newcastle University Library Unpublished MS
W.H. Knowles, 1892, The Hospital of St. Mary the Virgin, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Archaeologia Aeliana, 2, XV, 195
T.M. Richardson, 1880, Memorials of Old Newcastle, pl. xviii