A great square-headed bronze brooch was found in 1953 during roadworks east of Benwell fort. It lay near a glass vessel which was broken and discarded by the workmen. Length 123mm, width of headplate 50mm, width of foot 48mm (max). It has a head-plate and convex bow above a plain central panel. Beneath this there is a grim human face on the foot of which the lower corners are splayed out into beaked heads (possibly eages). Part cast, part forged. The iron hinge and pin are missing. The type is of East Anglian origin. Most examples have been found north of the Humber. Great North Museum: Hancock 1960.14. Dated C7.

A bronze cruciform brooch was found in May 1935 during drainage works a few yards west of the temple of Antenociticus, and east of Benwell fort. Length 136mm, width of headplate 45mm, width of foot 27mm (max surviving). The bow is of convex type, separated by individually treated rectangular panels from the elongated horse-head of the foot. Aberg's Group IV, Leeds IVa. Dated C6.

Listed among the Robert Blair Collection donated to the Society of Antiquaries were "2 harp-shaped bronze fibulae, one of the Backworth type with traces of enamel, and chain attached for wearing as a pair...2nd century A.D. Dredged from the Tyne". Though the OS located these objects on NZ 26 SW it is not clear that they were even found in Newcastle. Dated C2.

During the 1929 excavations of the North of England Excavation Committee an Anglo-Saxon bead was found "in a shaft near the top of the Dog Leap Stairs". For long enough this was the only pre-Conquest object which had been found in Newcastle. "Diam 14mm, diam of bore 6mm, height 11mm. Only half remains. Reddish brown glass, somewhat weathered, inset with marbled yellow spirals and translucent natural glass "eyes". Dated C7.

Flint saw, found between the Black Gate and the railway. 46 mm long x 12 mm wide, x 6 mm thick. This was donated to the Society of Antiquaries by Norah Balls, and was presumably found during her laying out of the garden behind the Black Gate in the 1930s.

"Iron horse-bit, only a fragment of one side surviving. Max. length 133 mm". Heslop suggests that the metalwork at King's Meadows was a deliberate votive deposition. The River Tyne was a major arterial route inland and a possible boundary between tribal groupings, and appears to have been the focus of ceremonial activity by communities gathering here from considerable distances. There is a recurring pattern in the Bronze Age for metalwork deposition in watery places. The concentration of objects around the small island of King's Meadows has parallels at Runnymede on the Thames.

On Bourne's map no. 4, on the S side of Westgate Road nearly opposite St. John's church, is described as "An Alms House". Brand called this Spital Alms House, and reported that "it was pulled down not many years ago". Mackenzie, who referred to both the above authors, was clearly unsure as to whether this was an institution distinct from the Hospital of St. Mary the Virgin. He wrote, "The 'Spitle Alms House' mentioned in St. John's Register, September, 1592, stood between the chapel (of the hospital ?, RBH) and Westgate Street, in the ground now called the 'Town's Yard'. The 'six poor unmarried brothers' lived in a large room… In Bourne's plan…the Spital Almshouse stands on the west side of the gate leading to the Grammar-school.. Perhaps the alms-house was a distinct building, which has been confounded with the ancient hospital". In 1856 a letter from a Mr Edward Spoor was read by Dr Bruce to the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne. Several objects had been found during an excavation of a cellar on Neville Street, where the chapel, hospital and almshouses had once stood. A large mass of masonry was revealed, apparently Norman in character. Two stone balls were recovered (possibly Roman?), part of a piscina, square tiles and pottery. A cannon ball, a brass tube (part of a crosier?), a vase or jug, a spur, glass and tobacco pipes. Bones and bullock's horns. A stone lined well still with water in it. Dr Bruce suggested that these were remains from the Spittal almshouses which stood opposite St John's church. [Or could this be evidence of the Hospital of St Mary the Virgin (HER 1502)?]

Charleton reports that the first church of St Nicholas was built by 'Osmund the Good' in 1091.Stones of C11 or C12 date were found during repairs in 1895. Earliest surviving fabric and frags suggest a second church of second half of C12: 2 bay choir with ribbed groined vaults, nave with N aisle with clustered columns, waterleaf capitals from windows of perhaps tower or clerestory, richly ornamented door. In 1193-4 grant of church of St. Nicholas to Carlisle Priory was confirmed. The second church was largely destroyed by fire in 1216. Later medieval alterations and enlargements: 1. Late C13/early C14: aisled nave, E wall S transept. 2. Early C14. Choir, rebuilt crossing piers, clerestories, roofs, lower part of tower. 4. C15. Chapel on E of N transept, tower vault, belfrey and crown. 35 door or window jamb-stones, which had been built in as walling and were removed during repairs to the Cathedral. They were donated to the Society of Antiquaries, along with 6 fragments of window tracery before 1895 by a Mrs Cail of Beaconsfield (PSAN (2), VI (1895), p 155). The C15 Thornton Brass is held in the cathedral. This large, high quality brass from the grave of Roger Thornton - an important figure in medieval Newcastle - once covered Thornton's grave at All Saints Church. During the siege of Newcastle in 1644 the general of the besieging army threatened to destroy the steeple unless the keys of the town were given up. In response, Sir John Marley, the Mayor of Newcastle, had the chief Scottish prisoners confined on the top of the church tower, saving the building from destruction, and during the rest of the siege not a single shot was fired against it. Elevated to Cathedral status in 1882. Parish church; cathedral since 1882. Mostly mid C14, incorporating earlier work in N.W. crossing and north arcade; C15 tower and spire. Many alterations later
include the addition of north and south porches in C19 by J. Green and Dobson. Sandstone, coursed and squared except for modern ashlar; lead-covered roofs. West tower with transepts and porches; aisled nave with south chapel; transepts; aisled chancel with north chapel and south vestry (with Thomlinson Library St. Nicholas Churchyard, q.v.). Decorated windows in transepts, south aisle and clerestory, Perpendicular elsewhere; many renewed. Renewed west and late C20 north and south doors in moulded arches, the latter under tall windows, in gabled porches. 3-stage tower has big polygonal buttresses; 5-light window above door; small 2-light windows and tall paired 2-light belfry openings in
upper stages; high pierced, battlemented parapet has centre-side pinnacles and taller corner pinnacles which enclose 4 flying buttresses holding square lantern; smaller pinnacles and battlemented parapet on this surround slender octagonal spire. Interior: coursed squared sandstone with ashlar dressings; arch-braced panelled roofs with heraldic bosses. 4-bay nave and 4-bay chancel arcades have octagonal columns with plinths but without capitals, the triple-chamfered arches springing directly from them; high crossing arches in similar style, but chancel arch on responds with capitals. Tower has arches in similar style with 5 chamfers; ribbed vault. Head-stopped drip-moulds to arcades; string and drip-moulds to aisle; plain clerestory. Low blind arcade on south wall interrupted by chapel. Crypt in north transept has 5-mouchette window and chamfered segmental transverse ribs. Octagonal stone font with arms of Robert Rhodes, a C15 benefactor, and high crocketed cover. Pre-reformation brass eagle lectern. South chapel has medieval roundel of the Virgin and Child in each window; much C19 glass commemorating local industrialists and Grey of Falloden. Monuments: 2 medieval grave covers, one with head and feet of body depicted in 'openings ; C14 effigy of knight with shield, lamb at feet; large high-quality C15 incised brass from the grave of Roger Thornton in All Saints', on south chancel aisle wall; several C17 memorials including large sculpture of the Maddison family at prayer; Matthew Ridley, d. 1778, by J. Bacon in classical
style; Admiral Collingwood, d. 1810, by Rossi; Matthew White Ridley of Blagdon Hall, died 1813, as a Roman by Flaxman; Calverly Bewicke, died 1815, by Baily; R.H. Williamson died 1835, by Dunbar; alabaster effigy of J.C. Bruce by George Simmonds, dated 1896; effigy of Bishop Wilberforce, 1908, by F. W. Pomeroy. During the Civil War of the 17th century when Newcastle was under siege from the Scottish army, the Mayor held captured Scottish prisoners in St Nicholas Church to counter the Scots threat to destroy the building with their cannon. William Newton and David Stephenson rearranged the interior 1783-7. Became a cathedral in 1882. R.J. Johnson created a sanctuary with beautiful reredos and screens carved by Ralph Hedley. Stained glass by CE Kempe. Dated C12th.

In the North of England Excavation Committee's trench of 1929, west of the Keep, Roman artifacts were found "at the foundation level" of the wall now known to be the west wall of the Headquarters Building of the Roman fort. These objects included a coin of Vitellius, coarse and samian pottery, and roof tiles.

In the North of England Excavation Committee's trench of 1929, west of the Keep, Roman artifacts were found "at the foundation level" of the wall now known to be the west wall of the Headquarters Building. These objects included a coin of Vitellius, roofing tiles, coarse pottery, and the base of a Samian cup, in two fragments, (Drag. 33), with the potter's stamp of CAPELLIANUS. Part of a Samian-ware mortar may have come either from here or from the south side of the Keep.