Probably the last stretch of the wall to be built was that which ran from the Riverside Tower eastwards for some 37 m parallel with the River Tyne. here the wall was 2 m thick, survived to a height of 3 to 4 m, and was constructed of coursed sandstone, finely dressed on the south face on which were 2 basal chamfers. The lower part of the wall was clay-, the upper mortar-, bonded. It incorporated a postern or watergate with a culvert 0.5 m beneath it, and its east end was bonded into a building on the river's edge. This section was added in the C15 to link the south-west corner of the town wall to the newest building on the recently reclaimed waterfront. It was probably dismantled to ground level in the C17. Dated C15th.

Newcastle was enclosed by defences in piecemeal fashion between perhaps 1265 (when Henry III allowed the town to charge murage tax to fund new defences) and the early C15 (evidence from excavations). The order of building was probably from the north end of the town southwards on both sides- on the west- 1280 at Black Friars, 1290 at the Hospital of St Mary the Virgin in Westgate, 1311 at Denton/Neville Tower, c1333 in the White Friars Precinct. On the east side - c1298 Corner Tower and 1307 Wall Knoll. In 1280 the Dominicans obtained permission for a postern gate through the wall because it crossed their land. In 1290 the Hospital of St Mary the Virgin in Westgate did the same. At the east the wall turned to curve around Pandon which was granted to Newcastle in 1298. At their greatest extent the defences occupied a strip of ground c. 100 feet wide, and consisted of an intra-mural road, a wall (2-3+ m thick and 6-9m high including parapet and merlons protecting a wall-walk), a ditch (11 m wide x 5 m deep) and some open ground. In 1312 the Dominicans were allowed to build a wooden bridge over the ditch. The wall was defended by 6 large gates (two largest were New Gate and West Gate) and one small one, 17 towers each with 3 loopholes and some turrets, and was pierced by several posterns and watergates. The walls were strengthened in Edward III's reign (1327-77). In 1540 Leland said the wall's 'strength and magnificence… far passith all the waulls of the cities of England'. Demolition began in c. 1762, and continued into the C20. Remains: the curtain (with some gaps) between the Close and Forth Street; the curtain with towers (3 gaps) between Westgate Road and Newgate Street; Plummer Tower; Corner Tower and curtain to the east; Walknoll Tower. More wall survives than in any other English town except Chester, Chichester, Southampton and York. Dated C13th.

In 1938 K. Steer reported that he had been told, in 1927, by a librarian in South Shields that a friend had shown the latter 10 radiate coins, said to have been dug up near the Seven Sisters, Whickham. Steer was unable to trace the coins.

The OS record the site of a Roman cemetery, midway between Benwell Fort and (the deduced site of) Milecastle 6, on the strength of a letter from Eric Birley, dated 10 May 1963. There is no further information.

A Roman brooch mould, of stone, was found in 1973 amongst earth brought to Dunston Bank from an unknown source. A mould for wheel-type brooches.

This entry rests on Wake's verbal description of Isaac Thompson's map of 1746: "...on the east of the Maidlins is another stream issuing from what appears to be Magdalen's Well near Pandon Burn". The mark on the map to which he refers is not called well, and there is no other evidence for a well so named.

Founded temp. Henry II by Aselack of Killinghowe for 2 regular brothers and 1 chaplain to serve God, the poor and travellers. Size and description of the community changed later. Precinct: from Westgate (N) to beyond the town wall (S), which was taken through the "court-yard" in c. 1290. Buildings: a chapel, i.e. nave of c. 1200, and a chancel, rebuilt c. 1340 (beneath the Stephenson monument), on the N side of a garden, a west range, and originally an east range. The aisles of the nave were demolished, and the arcades walled up, a mullioned window being inserted in each bay c. C16. The hospital survived the Dissolution, and was refounded in 1611. It was also used in the medieval period for meetings of the guild, for the election of the mayor and officers, and to house the grammar school (HER 12531). The remaining portions were demolished in 1844 to make way for Neville Street etc. In 1856 a letter from a Mr Edward Spoor was read by Dr Bruce to the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne. Several objects had been found during an excavation of a cellar on Neville Street, where the chapel, hospital and almshouses had once stood. A large mass of masonry was revealed, apparently Norman in character. Two stone balls were recovered (possibly Roman?), part of a piscina, square tiles and pottery. A cannon ball, a brass tube (part of a crosier?), a vase or jug, a spur, glass and tobacco pipes. Bones and bullock's horns. A stone lined well still with water in it. Dr Bruce suggested that these were remains from the Spittal almshouses (HER 1492) which stood opposite St John's church. Or could this be evidence of the Hospital of St Mary the Virgin? In 1895 a Mrs Cail of Beaconsfield donated four base rounds from columns in the crypt of the Chapel of St Mary the Virgin to the Society of Antiquaries. The hospital had property in The Close and Sandhill and rents of gardens without the Close Gate and in the Forth (Welford). Dated C12th.

Remains of a small stone-arched bridge exist over the Lort Burn, now a sewer, below the dip in the west half of the street called High Bridge. The earliest known documentary reference is 1334, "le Denebrigg". It later came to be called "Over Deene Brigge" (1567) to distinguish it from Low Bridge. It was clearly being encroached on in 1656, when Mungoe Douglas was fined for demolishing 4 yards of the bridge parapet so as to build a little shop. When the bridge finally disappeared below the street is unknown, though the name seems to mean a street rather than/as well as a bridge in 1567 (5), and Mackenzie says explicitly that Upper Dean Bridge was "now covered with buildings". le Denebrigg 1334, le Denebrig 1366, le Denebrigge 1378 and 1401, Over Deene Brigge 1567 and Overden Brigg 1592. Richard Grainger filled in the dene in 1835 to create Upper Dean Street now Grey Street. Dated C14th.

In the summer of 1648 the common council initiated the building of a fort in Sandgate. Mackenzie states that this was sited in the angle made by the east face of the town wall outside Sand Gate and the Tyne, and that the site had earlier been cleared on the order of the Marquis of Newcastle (in 1644?), and later used for the fort by Sir Arthur Haselrigg. In 1656 there was a dispute as to ownership of the site, and a request was made to be allowed to dump "rubbish into the trench". Mackenzie confirms the fort's short life, saying "This fort, after the restoration, fell into decay; and its scite became a waste, which was called Sandgate Midding". Though it is thus named on Corbridge's map of 1723 it is supposed, in the second half of the C17, to have been the site of Cuthbert Dykes' Folly.

An artillery emplacement, 24 x 10 yards, just inside the south-east stretch of town wall, midway between Walknoll Tower and Sand Gate. Probably built 1639-40, and perhaps paid for by Alderman Leonard Carr, so giving rise to its name. Saw action in the siege of 1644, and was finally destroyed on 19 October. It was not replaced, and though the name survived until the early 19th century the land was eventually built over, and in 1880-2 covered by the construction of City Road. Rescue excavation in 1994 possibly revealed part of its ditch, filled with mid C17 pottery and clay pipes.