English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
CONDITION
Good
DAY1
10
District
Gateshead
Easting
416700
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MATERIAL
Brick
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
562290
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
20th Century 1901 to 2000
Place
Blaydon Burn
Description
To the south of the lower railhead (14) are a series of structures, the most notable of which is a large section of retaining wall showing numerous phases of build and contruction types (Plate 15). This wall, which includes a number of arched openings and cast-iron pipework, cannot be related to any pre-1919 mapping and most probably was associated with the coal screens out to the northeast. However it has not proved possible to ascribes functions to the specific parts of the surviving remains.

The earliest phase of construction (15a) is that at the western end of the site, adjacent to the road. This is very similar in form to the corresponding wall on the upper terrace associated with the earlier railhead (2), and may have been built at the same time (although it does not appear on the earlier mapping). Alternatively this structure may relate to the earlier mill pond and dam recorded in this area (13). It is very different in build from those structures further to the east and was constructed of fairly evenly coursed sandstone rubble with some areas of larger, more formal blocks. There are a number of areas of brick infill where the underlying structure has fallen away and a distinct edge on the eastern side of 15a which is marked by alternating sandstone blocks. The joint here slopes slightly, being broader at the base than the top,this may indicate that the wall originally turned here.

A marked scar on the stonework run diagonally from top to bottom along the face of the wall, which could be uneven presevation of the mortar caused by the growth of ivy or a similar creeper, or may indicate the presence of an earlier ramp. There was is also a vertical scar, measuring approximately 0.5m across running from the top of the wall to the top of the diagonal scar (Figure 14). Approximately halfway across the wall and 2m above ground level is a concrete beam which appears to run diagionally back into the bank; this had been cut off, presumably when the site was dismantled.

The wall served to retain the rear bank and included at least three drainage holes at the western end, it measures just under 12m long and stands to a height of 4m. The wall has been heightened by the addition of two courses of brick at a later date (15d) and then again by a red brick wall which stand to a height of just over a metre (15e). This wall includes a rectangular opening on the western side, set with wooden post and an iron girder (sawn off) at the eastern end.

Abutting this phase of build is a section of brick wall measuring 6m long and 4m high (15b), this was constructed of mixed brick including some firebrick (Plate 15). The bricks are coursed three stretchers to one header and include a line of headers bricks at the top, above which is the later brick extension associated with 15d. At the base of the wall is a square apeture measuring 0.50m and approximately 0.70m deep with a steel plate above. At the eastern end of this section the brick joint is slightly rebated. The return wall turned here running south to the rear of the structure.

To the east lay a further section of brick walling (15c), measuring 2.5m long and 5m high and constructed of red brick laid in stretcher bond with a line of header bricks at the top. This section of wall features a narrow arch, just under a metre across, capped with three strings of header bricks (Plate 16). The arch has been infilled with yellow brick, of the same type as used in the adjacent structure to the east, and probably date to the construction of this feature.

The final phase of build is at the eastern end of the structure (Plate 16) and comprises a section of brick walling above a concrete base. It includes a second arch, slightly wider than the first (1.20m), which remains open but includes a cast rion pipe running from front to back. The was predominately constructed of firebrick bonded three lines of stretcher to one header. This build continues up above the earlier phases of wall and appears to mark the last major stage of construction, apart from the small brick boundary wall (15e). The brick platform continues east running into the main coal screen building (17) but only a 6m section of the brick wall survives. The feature includes two iron girders (sawn off) at the interface between 15c and 15d.

Behind the main front wall at the eastern end are the fragmentary remains of a number of short walls set at rather odd angles (Plate 17). Immediately behind and set at a diagional to the main wall is a short section of brick wall (15f) similar in constuction and certainly contemporary with 15d. This abuts the return wall associated with 15c. To the rear runs a futher retaining wall (16), running southwest to northeast along the line of the first terrace, eventually turning south just before the aerial cableway (7).
SITEASS
Good condition, but needs some re-pointing.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
To the south of the lower railhead (14) are a series of structures, the most notable of which is a large section of retaining wall showing numerous phases of build and construction types (Plate 15). This wall, which includes a number of arched openings and cast-iron pipework, cannot be related to any pre-1919 mapping and most probably was associated with the coal screens out to the northeast. However it has not proved possible to ascribes functions to the specific parts of the surviving remains.

The earliest phase of construction (15a) is that at the western end of the site, adjacent to the road. This is very similar in form to the corresponding wall on the upper terrace associated with the earlier railhead (2), and may have been built at the same time (although it does not appear on the earlier mapping). Alternatively this structure may relate to the earlier mill pond and dam recorded in this area (13). It is very different in build from those structures further to the east and was constructed of fairly evenly coursed sandstone rubble with some areas of larger, more formal blocks. There are a number of areas of brick infill where the underlying structure has fallen away and a distinct edge on the eastern side of 15a which is marked by alternating sandstone blocks. The joint here slopes slightly, being broader at the base than the top, this may indicate that the wall originally turned here.

A marked scar on the stonework run diagonally from top to bottom along the face of the wall, which could be uneven preservation of the mortar caused by the growth of ivy or a similar creeper, or may indicate the presence of an earlier ramp. There was is also a vertical scar, measuring approximately 0.5m across running from the top of the wall to the top of the diagonal scar (Figure 14). Approximately halfway across the wall and 2m above ground level is a concrete beam which appears to run diagonally back into the bank; this had been cut off, presumably when the site was dismantled.

The wall served to retain the rear bank and included at least three drainage holes at the western end, it measures just under 12m long and stands to a height of 4m. The wall has been heightened by the addition of two courses of brick at a later date (15d) and then again by a red brick wall which stand to a height of just over a metre (15e). This wall includes a rectangular opening on the western side, set with wooden post and an iron girder (sawn off) at the eastern end.

Abutting this phase of build is a section of brick wall measuring 6m long and 4m high (15b), this was constructed of mixed brick including some firebrick (Plate 15). The bricks are coursed three stretchers to one header and include a line of headers bricks at the top, above which is the later brick extension associated with 15d. At the base of the wall is a square aperture measuring 0.50m and approximately 0.70m deep with a steel plate above. At the eastern end of this section the brick joint is slightly rebated. The return wall turned here running south to the rear of the structure.

To the east lay a further section of brick walling (15c), measuring 2.5m long and 5m high and constructed of red brick laid in stretcher bond with a line of header bricks at the top. This section of wall features a narrow arch, just under a metre across, capped with three strings of header bricks (Plate 16). The arch has been infilled with yellow brick, of the same type as used in the adjacent structure to the east, and probably date to the construction of this feature.

The final phase of build is at the eastern end of the structure (Plate 16) and comprises a section of brick walling above a concrete base. It includes a second arch, slightly wider than the first (1.20m), which remains open but includes a cast iron pipe running from front to back. The was predominately constructed of firebrick bonded three lines of stretcher to one header. This build continues up above the earlier phases of wall and appears to mark the last major stage of construction, apart from the small brick boundary wall (15e). The brick platform continues east running into the main coal screen building (17) but only a 6m section of the brick wall survives. The feature includes two iron girders (sawn off) at the interface between 15c and 15d.

Behind the main front wall at the eastern end are the fragmentary remains of a number of short walls set at rather odd angles (Plate 17). Immediately behind and set at a diagonal to the main wall is a short section of brick wall (15f) similar in construction and certainly contemporary with 15d. This abuts the return wall associated with 15c. To the rear runs a further retaining wall (16), running southwest to northeast along the line of the first terrace, eventually turning south just before the aerial cableway (7).
Site Name
Blaydon Burn, coal screens
Site Type: Specific
Coal Screen
HER Number
8415
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
Northern Archaeological Associates & Northern Counties Archaeological Services, 2005, Blaydon Burn, Gateshead - Archaeological Desk Based Assessment and Building Survey of Industrial Structures
SURVIVAL
40-59%
YEAR1
2006
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
09
District
Gateshead
Easting
416660
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
562240
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Blaydon Burn
Description
Described in the Tithe Award of 1838 as a public carriage road of highway extending from the junction with the road to Barlow and running "over commons, moors and tracts of waste lands called the Burn banks to the bridge crossing Blaydon Burn at or near Forster's Firebrick Manufactory". The bridge across the Burn was built c.1834, with contributions from the adjoining townships (NRO ZCO IX/4).
Site Type: Broad
Road Transport Site
SITEDESC
Described in the Tithe Award of 1838 as a public carriage road of highway extending from the junction with the road to Barlow and running "over commons, moors and tracts of waste lands called the Burn banks to the bridge crossing Blaydon Burn at or near Forster's Firebrick Manufactory". The bridge across the Burn was built c.1834, with contributions from the adjoining townships (NRO ZCO IX/4).
Site Name
Blaydon Burn, Burn Bank Road
Site Type: Specific
Road
HER Number
8414
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Northern Archaeological Associates & Northern Counties Archaeological Services, 2005, Blaydon Burn, Gateshead - Archaeological Desk Based Assessment and Building Survey of Industrial Structures
YEAR1
2006
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
09
District
Gateshead
Easting
416830
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
562270
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Blaydon Burn
Description
Shown on 2nd edition OS of 1896 but not the 3rd of 1913-4, by which time it had presumably gone out of use.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Shown on 2nd edition OS of 1896 but not the 3rd of 1913-4, by which time it had presumably gone out of use.
Site Name
Blaydon Burn, drift
Site Type: Specific
Coal Workings
HER Number
8413
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Northern Archaeological Associates & Northern Counties Archaeological Services, 2005, Blaydon Burn, Gateshead - Archaeological Desk Based Assessment and Building Survey of Industrial Structures
YEAR1
2006
English, British
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
09
District
Gateshead
Easting
416800
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MATERIAL
Brick
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
562320
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
20th Century 1901 to 2000
Place
Blaydon Burn
Description
Small section of wall, 14 courses high on south side of track, opposite aerial cableway (HER 5989). Wall constructed of mixed yellow and red brick with some firebrick. Possibly a platform base of some form associated with the transport of waste to the slag heaps (HER 8411).
Site Type: Broad
Barrier
SITEDESC
Small section of wall, 14 courses high on south side of track, opposite aerial cableway (HER 5989). Wall constructed of mixed yellow and red brick with some firebrick. Possibly a platform base of some form associated with the transport of waste to the slag heaps (HER 8411).
Site Name
Blaydon Burn, section of wall
Site Type: Specific
Wall
HER Number
8412
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
Northern Archaeological Associates & Northern Counties Archaeological Services, 2005, Blaydon Burn, Gateshead - Archaeological Desk Based Assessment and Building Survey of Industrial Structures
YEAR1
2006
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
09
District
Gateshead
Easting
416750
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
562280
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
20th Century 1901 to 2000
Place
Blaydon Burn
Description
There are various slag and spoil heaps running along the south side of the Burn. Slag and waste was probably transported from the coal screens below via the incline (HER 8410). Spoil may also have come from the coal drift (HER 1644) and quarry waste from the nearby quarry (HER 1642).
Site Type: Broad
Mining Industry Site
SITEDESC
There are various slag and spoil heaps running along the south side of the Burn. Slag and waste was probably transported from the coal screens below via the incline (HER 8410). Spoil may also have come from the coal drift (HER 1644) and quarry waste from the nearby quarry (HER 1642).
Site Name
Blaydon Burn, slag heaps
Site Type: Specific
Spoil Heap
HER Number
8411
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
Northern Archaeological Associates & Northern Counties Archaeological Services, 2005, Blaydon Burn, Gateshead - Archaeological Desk Based Assessment and Building Survey of Industrial Structures
YEAR1
2006
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
09
District
Gateshead
Easting
416740
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MATERIAL
Sandstone
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
562280
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Early 20th Century 1901 to 1932
Place
Blaydon Burn
Description
Shown on OS third and fourth edition maps (1914 and 1940) but not labelled. Presumably associated with Blaydon Burn Colliery and dating from the Priestman acquisition c.1900. Built of sandstone rubble and Cowen's firebricks, the structure ran from the coal screens up to slag heaps. Two sections of the incline survive, cut by a later track. Where the incline has been cut, the ends have been faced in concrete blockwork with a top layer of yellow header bricks.
Site Type: Broad
Inclined Plane
SITEDESC
Shown on OS third and fourth edition maps (1914 and 1940) but not labelled. Presumably associated with Blaydon Burn Colliery and dating from the Priestman acquisition c.1900. Built of sandstone rubble and Cowen's firebricks, the structure ran from the coal screens up to slag heaps. Two sections of the incline survive, cut by a later track. Where the incline has been cut, the ends have been faced in concrete blockwork with a top layer of yellow header bricks.
Site Name
Blaydon Burn, incline
Site Type: Specific
Inclined Plane
HER Number
8410
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
Northern Archaeological Associates & Northern Counties Archaeological Services, 2005, Blaydon Burn, Gateshead - Archaeological Desk Based Assessment and Building Survey of Industrial Structures
YEAR1
2006
English, British
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
09
District
Gateshead
Easting
416650
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
562260
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Blaydon Burn
Description
Shown on the enclosure plan of 1829 as "Cotts" (DRO Q/D/E/24). Continue to be shown up to the third edition OS of 1914. Demolished by 1940. No visible remains.
Site Type: Broad
House
SITEDESC
Shown on the enclosure plan of 1829 as "Cotts" (DRO Q/D/E/24). Continue to be shown up to the third edition OS of 1914. Demolished by 1940. No visible remains.
Site Name
Blaydon Burn, cottages
Site Type: Specific
House
HER Number
8409
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Northern Archaeological Associates & Northern Counties Archaeological Services, 2005, Blaydon Burn, Gateshead - Archaeological Desk Based Assessment and Building Survey of Industrial Structures
YEAR1
2006
English, British
Class
Maritime
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
09
District
S Tyneside
Easting
436300
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
568000
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
South Shields
Description
A shipyard traditionally thought to have been established around 1720 by Robert Wallis. Few references to ships built by Wallis survive. It may have been a ship-breaking or repairing yard. By the late eighteenth century, three further shipbuilders are recorded as having operated within this part of South Shields - William Forster, John Wright and James Evans. Forster's yard only operated between 1773 and 1791, when his widow was forced to put the yard up for sale. Wright sold his yard and became a shipowner by the time of his death in 1803. James Evan's yard prospered until the early nineteenth century, but went bankrupt in 1831 under Messrs Witherby and Ihler. Other short-lived enterprises were Messrs Attley, Brown and Swan, shipbuilders at the "Low End" 1803-1808, and John and Philip Laing of Sunderland who owned yards in Pilot Street and Thrift Street. Their partnership dissolved in 1822, with Philip retaining the yard at the eastern end of Pilot Street which had a patent slip, which survived until general redevelopment of this area in 1936. Thomas Marshall built over 100 vessels, mostly steel, 1839-1859. Following his retirement, his sons moved the business to Willington Quay. Thomas Wawn, John Blumer and Luke Bushell are also recorded as shipbuilders in this area in the 1840s. Readhead and Softley and W.P. Greenwell had yards in Shadwell Street and Pilot Street in the mid nineteenth century. Readhead moved to Tyne Dock in 1872.
Site Type: Broad
Marine Construction Site
SITEDESC
A shipyard traditionally thought to have been established around 1720 by Robert Wallis. Few references to ships built by Wallis survive. It may have been a ship-breaking or repairing yard. By the late eighteenth century, three further shipbuilders are recorded as having operated within this part of South Shields - William Forster, John Wright and James Evans. Forster's yard only operated between 1773 and 1791, when his widow was forced to put the yard up for sale. Wright sold his yard and became a shipowner by the time of his death in 1803. James Evan's yard prospered until the early nineteenth century, but went bankrupt in 1831 under Messrs Witherby and Ihler. Other short-lived enterprises were Messrs Attley, Brown and Swan, shipbuilders at the "Low End" 1803-1808, and John and Philip Laing of Sunderland who owned yards in Pilot Street and Thrift Street. Their partnership dissolved in 1822, with Philip retaining the yard at the eastern end of Pilot Street which had a patent slip, which survived until general redevelopment of this area in 1936. Thomas Marshall built over 100 vessels, mostly steel, 1839-1859. Following his retirement, his sons moved the business to Willington Quay. Thomas Wawn, John Blumer and Luke Bushell are also recorded as shipbuilders in this area in the 1840s. Readhead and Softley and W.P. Greenwell had yards in Shadwell Street and Pilot Street in the mid nineteenth century. Readhead moved to Tyne Dock in 1872.
Site Name
South Shields, shipyards
Site Type: Specific
Shipyard
HER Number
8408
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
A.C. Flagg, 1979, The History of Shipbuilding in South Shields 1746-1946
YEAR1
2006
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
09
District
S Tyneside
Easting
436300
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
567900
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Stuart 1603 to 1714
Place
South Shields
Description
Richardson's plan of South Shields and Westoe dated 1768 shows a "Mill Field". A plan of the estate of Robert Stote, also dated 1768, shows "Fairles's Ground" and a windmill belonging to the Corporation of Newcastle. It is still shown on Fryer's map of 1772 but within land owned by the Dean and Chapter of Durham. Seems to have gone by 1827.
Site Type: Broad
Power Generation Site
SITEDESC
Richardson's plan of South Shields and Westoe dated 1768 shows a "Mill Field". A plan of the estate of Robert Stote, also dated 1768, shows "Fairles's Ground" and a windmill belonging to the Corporation of Newcastle. It is still shown on Fryer's map of 1772 but within land owned by the Dean and Chapter of Durham. Seems to have gone by 1827.
Site Name
South Shields, windmill
Site Type: Specific
Windmill
HER Number
8407
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Richardson, 1768, Plan of South Shields and Westoe; 1768 Plan of the Estate of Robert Stote
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2006
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
09
District
Sunderland
Easting
439970
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557160
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Sunderland
Description
The property first appears as a townhouse on a plan of 1826. Stone walled basement with a flagstone floor and blocked lightwell survive and early brickwork onto Press Lane, bearing a street sign from that period. By 1855 a brick stable block with stone floor and loft had been added. The original sandstone corbel and a later iron turnguard survive. At the end of the nineteenth century the building was converted into sales rooms for W.C. Thompson & Co. The extant row of buildings were interconnected and the frontage remodelled. It was later converted into Liverpool House Department Store, comprising of three tall nineteenth century buildings with a low wide classically styled building with four larged arched windows in the centre. The glazed shop front, iron column grid and windows survive behind the rendered and timber boarded shopfront. There is a "Liverpool House" tiled slab in the doorway. In the twentieth century, some of the buildings were demolished to make a car park and the modern render and timber board shop front was added, and plywood boarding over floors and walls. Liverpool House is widely remembered by Sunderland residents. A Santa's Grotto was designed and constructed in the basement by Evan Oxenham in the 1950s. Liverpool House was taken over by Style Furnishings in recent times.
SITEASS
The building was recorded in advance of demolition (Pre-Construct Archaeology 2005).
Site Type: Broad
House
SITEDESC
The property first appears as a townhouse on a plan of 1826. Stone walled basement with a flagstone floor and blocked lightwell survive and early brickwork onto Press Lane, bearing a street sign from that period. By 1855 a brick stable block with stone floor and loft had been added. The original sandstone corbel and a later iron turnguard survive. At the end of the nineteenth century the building was converted into sales rooms for W.C. Thompson & Co. The extant row of buildings were interconnected and the frontage remodelled. It was later converted into Liverpool House Department Store, comprising of three tall nineteenth century buildings with a low wide classically styled building with four large arched windows in the centre. The glazed shop front, iron column grid and windows survive behind the rendered and timber boarded shopfront. There is a "Liverpool House" tiled slab in the doorway. In the twentieth century, some of the buildings were demolished to make a car park and the modern render and timber board shop front was added, and plywood boarding over floors and walls. Liverpool House is widely remembered by Sunderland residents. A Santa's Grotto was designed and constructed in the basement by Evan Oxenham in the 1950s. Liverpool House was taken over by Style Furnishings in recent times. A recording was made by PCA in 2005 ahead of proposed redevelopment.
Site Name
187-193 High Street West, Liverpool House
Site Type: Specific
Town House
HER Number
8406
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
Pre-Construct Archaeology, 2005, Archaeological Recording of Liverpool House, 187-193 High Street West, Sunderland, Tyne and Wear
YEAR1
2006