During excavations in 2008 and 2009 on two Newcastle University sites (the New Music Building and INTO Building) medieval remains were found. This site is a good distance outside the town walls yet was occupied from the 11th century. The earliest evidence was a series of linear gullies, two pits and a well. The gullies were aligned NW-SE, perpendicular to Percy Street. Radiocarbon dating from one of the gullies gave a date of between 1020 and 1160 AD. They are probably boundaries dividing the land into burgage plots. Away from the street front a waterlogged pit was dated to between 1020 and 1190 AD. Another pit was cut by a much larger sub-circular pit 4m in diameter and 2.6m deep. The base of the pit was filled with sandstone rubble and grey silt-clay. The fill was radiocarbondated to 1040 to 1260 AD. Above the stone deposit the pit widened out to form a bowl-shaped cut. This feature appears to have been a stone-lined well. The well was backfilled and cut by a later pit. Postholes may indicate a timber structure. There were also many small pits. In phase 2 the gullies were replaced by culverts and stone buildings were constructed. Radiocarbon dating suggests that one of the culverts was constructed towards the end of the 13th century. A stone building of industrial function was recorded. Outside it there were a series of industrial waste deposits containing coal, clinker, smithing waste, forging waste and hearth bases. Radiocarbon dating of one of these deposits gave a date of between 1270 and 1390 AD. It is likely that this was a blacksmith's shop. Within the building was a layer of silt clay, possibly a floor deposit, containing early 12th to 14th century pottery. Nine inter-cutting pits containing industrial waste, were radiocarbon dated to 1270 to 1400 AD. One of the pits contained a stone architectural fragment with latticed decoration, a possible cresset stone (contained tallow and wicks in its hollows like candles to produce light). A hearth gave a radiocarbon date of 1185 to 1280 AD. The hearth and postholes may have been part of a timber structure at the back of the burgage plot. A rectangular building measuring some 6.5m x 9m was recorded by its interior was damaged by modern foundations. In phase 3 the industrial building on the frontage was replaced by a second building. The culvert became part of a wide substantial wall. The clay floor was partially replaced with flagstones. The fill of another culvert contained 13th to early 14th century pottery and part of a decorative frieze. Industrial deposits overlying the culvert contained hammerscale and 14th century pottery. Pits located south-west of the building contained waste from ironworking and some domestic refuse. In the late 13th or 14th centuries the stone from the building and wall was robbed out and soil containing 13th to 15th century pottery built up over the site suggesting that the land away from the street frontage was being cultivated at that time. In phase 4 the building on Percy Street was no longer in industrial use. The culvery was blocked between 1450 and 1640 AD. The pits were sealed by sandy silt containing 13th to 16th century pottery. A linear gully was backfilled sometime between 1460 and 1640 AD. A pit containing 16th century pottery was recorded. In phase 5 sandstone rubble, probably from the demolition of the building, overlay the site. Soil up to 1.2m deep above this contained 18th century pottery. In this soil a calf skeleton was found. It probably died of natural causes on one the smallholdings on the site. In phase 6 two mortared stone walls and a handmade brick and flagstone floor were found. These are probably one of the buildings shown on Hutton's map of 1770. A sub-circular barrel-lined pit was recorded. A wooden pail was recovered from the fill, suggesting that it was used for water storage. It was backfilled with black silty soil containing brick rubble, 19th century pottery and glass. Finds from the excavation included a medieval metal ferrule (probably fitted over the end of a staff to protect it from wear), 4 medieval nails and studs, a copper alloy ring, 37 clay tobacco pipe fragments (two were 17th century, one was 18th century, the rest 19th century), six fragments of glass, several post medieval bricks, a fragment of pantile and three fragments of daub, six pieces of worked stone including a piece of decorative frieze and the cresset stone, two pieces of woven cloth of 19th century date, a small wooden bucket. Very little is known about medieval settlement away from the castle but these finds possibly pre-date the building of the motte-and-bailey castle in 1080. The site was proably divided u[p into burgage plots possibly as early as the 11th century. Hutton's map of 1770 shows elements of burgage plots that may be medieval in origin. Deeds survive that mention medieval dwellings on Percy Street. An excavation in 1992 on the site of the Pavilion Cinema on Westgate Road also provided evidence for early occupation prior to construction of the town walls.
Site Type: Broad
Metal Industry Site
SITEDESC
During excavations in 2008 and 2009 on two Newcastle University sites (the New Music Building and INTO Building) medieval remains were found. This site is a good distance outside the town walls yet was occupied from the 11th century. The earliest evidence was a series of linear gullies, two pits and a well. The gullies were aligned NW-SE, perpendicular to Percy Street. Radiocarbon dating from one of the gullies gave a date of between 1020 and 1160 AD. They are probably boundaries dividing the land into burgage plots. Away from the street front a waterlogged pit was dated to between 1020 and 1190 AD. Another pit was cut by a much larger sub-circular pit 4m in diameter and 2.6m deep. The base of the pit was filled with sandstone rubble and grey silt-clay. The fill was radiocarbon dated to 1040 to 1260 AD. Above the stone deposit the pit widened out to form a bowl-shaped cut. This feature appears to have been a stone-lined well. The well was backfilled and cut by a later pit. Postholes may indicate a timber structure. There were also many small pits.
In phase 2 the gullies were replaced by culverts and stone buildings were constructed. Radiocarbon dating suggests that one of the culverts was constructed towards the end of the 13th century. A stone building of industrial function was recorded. Outside it there were a series of industrial waste deposits containing coal, clinker, smithing waste, forging waste and hearth bases. Radiocarbon dating of one of these deposits gave a date of between 1270 and 1390 AD. It is likely that this was a blacksmith's shop. Within the building was a layer of silt clay, possibly a floor deposit, containing early 12th to 14th century pottery. Nine inter-cutting pits containing industrial waste, were radiocarbon dated to 1270 to 1400 AD. One of the pits contained a stone architectural fragment with latticed decoration, a possible cresset stone (contained tallow and wicks in its hollows like candles to produce light). A hearth gave a radiocarbon date of 1185 to 1280 AD. The hearth and postholes may have been part of a timber structure at the back of the burgage plot. A rectangular building measuring some 6.5m x 9m was recorded by its interior was damaged by modern foundations.
In phase 3 the industrial building on the frontage was replaced by a second building. The culvert became part of a wide substantial wall. The clay floor was partially replaced with flagstones. The fill of another culvert contained 13th to early 14th century pottery and part of a decorative frieze. Industrial deposits overlying the culvert contained hammerscale and 14th century pottery. Pits located south-west of the building contained waste from ironworking and some domestic refuse. In the late 13th or 14th centuries the stone from the building and wall was robbed out and soil containing 13th to 15th century pottery built up over the site suggesting that the land away from the street frontage was being cultivated at that time.
In phase 4 the building on Percy Street was no longer in industrial use. The culvert was blocked between 1450 and 1640 AD. The pits were sealed by sandy silt containing 13th to 16th century pottery. A linear gully was backfilled sometime between 1460 and 1640 AD. A pit containing 16th century pottery was recorded.
In phase 5 sandstone rubble, probably from the demolition of the building, overlay the site. Soil up to 1.2m deep above this contained 18th century pottery. In this soil a calf skeleton was found. It probably died of natural causes on one the smallholdings on the site.
In phase 6 two mortared stone walls and a handmade brick and flagstone floor were found. These are probably one of the buildings shown on Hutton's map of 1770. A sub-circular barrel-lined pit was recorded. A wooden pail was recovered from the fill, suggesting that it was used for water storage. It was backfilled with black silty soil containing brick rubble, 19th century pottery and glass. Finds from the excavation included a medieval metal ferrule (probably fitted over the end of a staff to protect it from wear), 4 medieval nails and studs, a copper alloy ring, 37 clay tobacco pipe fragments (two were 17th century, one was 18th century, the rest 19th century), six fragments of glass, several post medieval bricks, a fragment of pantile and three fragments of daub, six pieces of worked stone including a piece of decorative frieze and the cresset stone, two pieces of woven cloth of 19th century date, a small wooden bucket. Very little is known about medieval settlement away from the castle but these finds possibly pre-date the building of the motte-and-bailey castle in 1080. The site was probably divided up into burgage plots possibly as early as the 11th century. Hutton's map of 1770 shows elements of burgage plots that may be medieval in origin. Deeds survive that mention medieval dwellings on Percy Street. An excavation in 1992 on the site of the Pavilion Cinema on Westgate Road also provided evidence for early occupation prior to construction of the town walls. Dated C11-15th.
Site Name
Haymarket, medieval remains
Site Type: Specific
Blacksmiths Workshop
HER Number
16121
Form of Evidence
Physical Evidence
Sources
N. Swann, 2013, Excavations within the grounds of Newcastle University, Percy Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, Archaeologia Aeliana, Fifth Series, Vol 42, pp 207-234; Archaeological Services Durham University, 2011, INTO Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne - Archaeological full analysis; Archaeological Services Durham University, 2009, INTO Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne - Post-excavation assessment; Archaeological Services Durham University, 2009, New Music Building, King's Walk, Newcastle upon Tyne - Archaeological full analysis report
YEAR1
2014
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Claire MacRae
Crossref
8375
DAY1
10
District
Gateshead
Easting
423560
Grid ref figure
8
MATERIAL
Sandstone
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
558330
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Lamesley
Description
A stable block formerly part of the High Stables later Ravensworth Park Farm. The farmhouse now forms part of the Ravensworth County Club. The remaining stables were recorded ahead of conversion into residential units. The stables were probably built in the mid 18th century. By 1785 the form of the blocks was similar to the existing structures - the only significant difference being an annexe built on the SW corner. No internal original features survive unless the original floor surface exists beneath the current concrete floor. Major alteration included the rebuilding of the southern end of the western block, the lowering of the roofline on the northern block and the blocking of several doorways.
Site Type: Broad
Stable
SITEDESC
A stable block formerly part of the High Stables later Ravensworth Park Farm. The farmhouse now forms part of the Ravensworth County Club. The remaining stables were recorded ahead of conversion into residential units. The stables were probably built in the mid 18th century. By 1785 the form of the blocks was similar to the existing structures - the only significant difference being an annexe built on the SW corner. No internal original features survive unless the original floor surface exists beneath the current concrete floor. Major alteration included the rebuilding of the southern end of the western block, the lowering of the roofline on the northern block and the blocking of several doorways.
Site Name
Ravensworth Country Club, stables
Site Type: Specific
Stable
HER Number
16120
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
Tyne and Wear Museums, 2005, Ravensworth Country Club, Lamesley, Gateshead, Historic Buildings Recording
YEAR1
2014
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Claire MacRae
DAY1
10
District
Newcastle
Easting
421770
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ27SW
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
573000
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Dinnington
Description
The buildings forming Mill Hill Farm enclose a rectangular yard of which the farmhouse forms the south side and a small detached group to the east of the NE corner. The surviving 19th century buildings comprise of the outer walls of the west range (originally a barn), the sing storeyed main section in the north range, the Cottage and the north-eastern group. These buildings were recorded by Peter Ryder and The Archaeological Practice Ltd. in 2007 ahead of their conversion into residential buildings. The farmhouse which appears to be of 18th century origin was not included in the conversion scheme. The north and west ranges were in place by the mid 19th century while the north-eastern buildings were built between the mid-late 19th centuruy. A gin-gang is shown on the 1st edition ordnance survey plan attached to the west range. This appears to have been replaced by c.1920.
Site Type: Broad
Farm
SITEDESC
The buildings forming Mill Hill Farm enclose a rectangular yard of which the farmhouse forms the south side and a small detached group to the east of the NE corner. The surviving 19th century buildings comprise of the outer walls of the west range (originally a barn), the sing storeyed main section in the north range, the Cottage and the north-eastern group. These buildings were recorded by Peter Ryder and The Archaeological Practice Ltd. In 2007 ahead of their conversion into residential buildings. The farmhouse which appears to be of 18th century origin was not included in the conversion scheme. The north and west ranges were in place by the mid 19th century while the north-eastern buildings were built between the mid-late 19th century. A gingang is shown on the 1st edition ordnance survey plan attached to the west range. This appears to have been replaced by c.1920.
Site Name
Mill Hill Farm
Site Type: Specific
Farmstead
HER Number
16119
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
The Archaeological Practice Ltd. 2007, Mill Hill Farm, Dinnington, Historic Buildings Recording
YEAR1
2014
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Claire MacRae
COMP2
Clare Henderson
DAY1
04
DAY2
01
District
Gateshead
Easting
424892
Grid ref figure
10
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
3
MONTH2
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
562814
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Gateshead
Description
A waggonway labelled as Windmill Hill appears on one archive plan c.1728. The plan shows colliery waggonways and their staiths on the south side of the Tyne between Felling and Stella. The legend on the map states that the 'Windmill Hil route was laid to the Pott House Staith by Esqr. Riddle above 80 year since'. If the date of the plan is correct, then this route was built c.1647. The Pott House Staith was located at the western end of Pipewellgate where the King Edward Wharf is marked on the 1947 Ordnance Survey plan. The modern Riversdale Road may (partly) follow the course of this waggonway.
Site Type: Broad
Tramway Transport Site
SITEDESC
A waggonway labelled as Windmill Hill appears on one archive plan c.1728. The plan shows colliery waggonways and their staiths on the south side of the Tyne between Felling and Stella. The legend on the map states that the 'Windmill Hil route was laid to the Pott House Staith by Esqr. Riddle above 80 year since'. If the date of the plan is correct, then this route was built c.1647. The Pott House Staith was located at the western end of Pipewellgate where the King Edward Wharf is marked on the 1947 Ordnance Survey plan. The modern Riversdale Road may (partly) follow the course of this waggonway.
Site Name
Windmill Hill Waggonway
Site Type: Specific
Wagonway
HER Number
16118
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Northern Counties Archaeological Services, 2010, Proposed Gateshed Football Stadium, Archaeological Assessment, Plan of Waggonways c.1728, Durham Record Office D/St/P17/2
YEAR1
2014
YEAR2
2021
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Claire MacRae
DAY1
04
District
Gateshead
Easting
425550
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
562630
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Gateshead
Description
Small mound shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey 1858 plan but not otherwise recorded. Perhaps a short lived late 19th or early 19th century coal pit.
Site Type: Broad
Mining Industry Site
SITEDESC
Small mound shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey 1858 plan but not otherwise recorded. Perhaps a short lived late 19th or early 19th century coal pit.
Map evidence suggests the possible course of a waggonway from Prince Consort Road running towards the north-west. This appears to diverge westward from the line of the Parkmoor Waggonway as shown on 18th century estate plans. It may represent a branch or diversion running to the River Tyne under the line of Riversdale Road described by 'A Fighting Trade' under the name of Parkmoor. Alternatively it could serve a nearby coal-pit.
Site Type: Broad
Tramway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Map evidence suggests the possible course of a waggonway from Prince Consort Road running towards the north-west. This appears to diverge westward from the line of the Parkmoor Waggonway as shown on 18th century estate plans. It may represent a branch or diversion running to the River Tyne under the line of Riversdale Road described by 'A Fighting Trade' under the name of Parkmoor. Alternatively it could serve a nearby coal-pit.
Late 18th - early 19th century farm building complex - substantially complete by the end of the 19th century. The farmhouse has an 'Estate Tudor' frontage daing to the 1840s-50s that may conceal earlier fabric. The buildings recorded in 2006 ahead of of a residential conversion were the West Range barn, gingang, North Range and East Range (stable). The buildings were of little architectural merit but the complex as whole can be regarded of some interest. The appearance and subsequent disappearance of a gingang during the mid-late 19th century is of particular note, since substantial parts of the structure were re-used and were still surviving at the time of the survey.
Site Type: Broad
Farm
SITEDESC
Late 18th - early 19th century farm building complex - substantially complete by the end of the 19th century. The farmhouse has an 'Estate Tudor' frontage dating to the 1840s-50s that may conceal earlier fabric. The buildings recorded in 2006 ahead of of a residential conversion were the West Range barn, gingang, North Range and East Range (stable). The buildings were of little architectural merit but the complex as whole can be regarded of some interest. The appearance and subsequent disappearance of a gingang during the mid-late 19th century is of particular note, since substantial parts of the structure were re-used and were still surviving at the time of the survey.
Site Name
Green's Farm
Site Type: Specific
Farmstead
HER Number
16115
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
The Archaeological Practice Ltd. 2006, Green's Farm, Lobley Hill, Gateshead, Historic Buildings Recording
YEAR1
2014
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Claire MacRae
DAY1
03
District
Gateshead
Easting
425300
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
562400
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Gateshead
Description
Three coal pits to the SW of Peterborough Close, Gateshead. The pits - Blue Pit, Green Pit and League Pit are shown on 18th century estate plans.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Three coal pits to the SW of Peterborough Close, Gateshead. The pits - Blue Pit, Green Pit and League Pit are shown on 18th century estate plans.
Pit heap or mill mond. Appears on 1st edition OS 1858. No windmills or coal pits are identifiable in this location. The regularity of the shape suggests a mill mound rather than a pit but it could represent a short lived late 18th or early 19th century colliery.
Site Type: Broad
Power Generation Site
SITEDESC
Pit heap or mill mound. Appears on 1st edition OS 1858. No windmills or coal pits are identifiable in this location. The regularity of the shape suggests a mill mound rather than a pit but it could represent a short lived late 18th or early 19th century colliery.
Mostly located beneath the highway near the junction of Alexander Road and Peterborough Road. The name of the mill is unknown. A windmill appears on this location on plans from the mid 18th century. In 1839 it was occupied by William Gibbon who also ran Gibbons Mill (HER3495). It had gone by 1841.
Site Type: Broad
Power Generation Site
SITEDESC
Mostly located beneath the highway near the junction of Alexander Road and Peterborough Road. The name of the mill is unknown. A windmill appears on this location on plans from the mid 18th century. In 1839 it was occupied by William Gibbon who also ran Gibbons Mill (HER3495). It had gone by 1841.